Tiberius Claudius Julianus was a Roman senator and literary figure who held several offices in the imperial service during the later second century AD. He was suffect consul during the nundinium of September-October 154 with Sextus Calpurnius Agricola as his colleague. [1]
Julianus came from a well-to-do family in Roman Asia Minor. His grandmother, Julia Quintilia Isauria, was the daughter of Tiberius Julius Celsus Polemaeanus, consul in 92. [2]
Julianus is known to have had a number of contacts or interactions with literary figures of his generation, most prominently the orator Marcus Cornelius Fronto. Edward Champlin includes him, along with Gaius Aufidius Victorinus and Gaius Arrius Antoninus, as "marked out as a special intimate of Fronto's." Champlin notes that while Victorinus received five of the surviving letters of the rhetor Fronto, Julianus received four, adding that "in a fit of despair Fronto could consider Iulianus to be his only remaining friend". [3]
Three of Fronto's surviving letters to him provide information about Julianus. The first (Ad Am. I.5) ostensibly is a letter of commendation on behalf of a young man named Calvisius Faustinianus for a post in Julianus' provincial army; but as Champlin notes, Fronto brushes aside all matters of Faustinianus' military skills to praise the young man's eloquence, challenging Julianus to test the man's judicial ability, and his literary taste. The next (Ad Am. I.19), which Champlin notes is difficult to read, "appears to treat of a literary quarrel with that eternal disciple, Aulus Gellius". [4] The third (Ad Am. I.20) concerns a provincial lawsuit, where Julianus has asked for Fronto's intervention; the letter mentions one Valerianus, whom Champlin identifies with a grammaticus who was the teaching colleague of Pertinax. [4]
Champlin offers other possible connections for Julianus. [5] The Suda mentions that the sophist Damophilius was patronized by one Julianus who might be Claudius Julianus, although he has been identified with Didius Julianus. [6] Another possible connection is with Herodes Atticus: in his Lives of the Sophists Philostratus mentions a letter Herodes wrote to a Julianus wherein he describes his slave nicknamed "Hercules of Herodes", [7] although this Julianus has also been identified with an Antoninus Julianus from Hispania, whom Aulus Gellius recounts got the better of his opponents in a contest at a literary banquet over the quality of Greek versus Latin poetry. [8]
His cursus honorum is only imperfectly known. There is evidence that Julianus was legatus legionis or commander of Legio XI Claudia, stationed at Durostorum (Silistra); Géza Alföldy dates the tenure of his commission as starting from around the year 145 to 148. [9] Following his consulate, Julianus is attested as governor of Germania Inferior in the year 160; Alföldy estimates the actual span of his governorship as extending from 160 to 163. [10]
Marcus Cornelius Fronto, best known as Fronto, was a Roman grammarian, rhetorician, and advocate. Of Berber origin, he was born at Cirta in Numidia. He was suffect consul for the nundinium of July-August 142 with Gaius Laberius Priscus as his colleague. Emperor Antoninus Pius appointed him tutor to his adopted sons and future emperors, Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus.
Sextus Cocceius Severianus was a Roman senator who flourished during the reign of Antoninus Pius. An unpublished military diploma attests that he was governor of Roman Arabia on 12 August 145; Severianus was promoted to suffect consul in 147, with first Tiberius Licinius Cassius Cassianus then Gaius Popilius Carus Pedo as his colleague. Between 161 and 163 he was Proconsul of Africa.
Marcus Petronius Mamertinus, possibly known as Sextus Petronius Mamertinus, was a Roman senator originally of the Equestrian order. He served as suffect consul in 150 as the colleague of Marcus Cassius Apollinaris.
The gens Cluvia was a plebeian family at ancient Rome, known from the later Republic, and early imperial times. The first member of the gens to achieve prominence was Gaius Cluvius Saxula, praetor in 175 and 173 BC.
Lucius Hedius Rufus Lollianus Avitus was a Roman senator and military officer. He was consul in the year 144 as the colleague of Titus Statilius Maximus.
Gaius Aufidius Victorinus was a Roman senator and general of the second century. A friend of the Emperor Marcus Aurelius and the son-in-law of the advocate and orator Marcus Cornelius Fronto, he was twice consul and governor of several Roman provinces.
Marcus Vettulenus Civica Barbarus was a Roman senator of the second century. A member of the Patrician class, he held the office of consul ordinarius in 157 with another patrician, Marcus Metilius Aquillius Regulus, as his colleague. Barbarus was also a member of the sodales Antoniniani, a religious fraternity which attended to the cult of the emperor Antoninus Pius.
Publius Pactumeius Clemens was a Roman senator and jurisconsult active during the first century AD. He was suffect consul for the nundinium April-June 138 as the colleague of Marcus Vindius Verus; according to Ronald Syme, Clemens is the earliest known consul to hold the fasces in absentia. Although he is known solely through inscriptions, his life provides examples of how patronage operated during contemporary Rome.
Gaius Arrius Antoninus was a Roman senator and jurist active in the last half of the second century AD, who held a number of offices in the emperor's service. The date when he was suffect consul is not attested, but has been estimated to be around AD 173. Edward Champlin includes him, along with Gaius Aufidius Victorinus and Tiberius Claudius Julianus, as "marked out as a special intimate of Fronto's." Champlin notes that while Victorinus received five of the surviving letters of the rhetor Fronto, "as the beloved pupil and son-in-law", Antoninus received four, taking "the place of Fronto's son."
Quintus Cornelius Quadratus was a Roman senator who held a number of offices in the emperor's service. He served as suffect consul for the nundinium July-September 147 as the colleague of Cupressenus Gallus. Quadratus is best known as the brother of the orator Marcus Cornelius Fronto. He is mentioned four times in the surviving correspondence of the orator.
The gens Sallustia, occasionally written Salustia, was a plebeian family at ancient Rome. Members of this gens are first mentioned in the time of Cicero, and from that time they attained particular distinction as statesmen and writers. The most illustrious of the family was the historian Gaius Sallustius Crispus, who wrote valuable works on the Jugurthine War and the Conspiracy of Catiline, which still exist.
Quintus Licinius Modestinus [? Sextus] Attius Labeo was a Roman senator, who held a number of imperial appointments during the middle of the second century AD. He was suffect consul in the year 146, following the death of Sextus Erucius Clarus in March, serving until the end of June; his colleague was Gnaeus Claudius Severus Arabianus. He is known entirely from inscriptions.
Quintus Cornelius Proculus was a Roman senator, who was active during the middle of the second century AD. He was suffect consul in the nundinium of November–December 146 as the colleague of Lucius Aemilius Longus. Proculus is known entirely from inscriptions.
Lucius Coelius Festus was a Roman senator, who was appointed to several praetorian offives during the reign of Antoninus Pius. He was suffect consul in the nundinium of July-September 148 with Publius Orfidius Senecio as his colleague. Mireille Corbier describes his known career as that of an administrator occupying a modest spot in the Senate. Festus is known entirely from inscriptions.
Lucius Sergius Paullus was a Roman senator, who was active during the reign of Marcus Aurelius. He was twice consul: the first time attested 23 September of an unknown year as suffect consul with [? Lucius Nonius Calpurnius] Torquatus Asprenas as his colleague; and as consul ordinarius for 168 as the colleague of Lucius Venuleius Apronianus Octavius Priscus.
Quintus Egrilius Plarianus was a Roman senator, who was active during the reigns of Antoninus Pius and Marcus Aurelius. He was suffect consul for one of the nundinia in the first half of AD 144, as the colleague of Lucius Aemilius Carus. Plarianus was the son of Marcus Acilius Priscus Egrilius Plarianus; he also is known to have had a sister, Egrilia M.f. Plaria. Although his family had its origins in Ostia, it is likely he spent most of his life in Rome.
Publius Cluvius Maximus Paullinus was a Roman senator, who held a number of imperial appointments during the reigns of Hadrian and Antoninus Pius. He was suffect consul during an undetermined nundinium between 139 and 143. He is known entirely from inscriptions.
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Marcus Valerius Etruscus (?), and Lucius Aemilius Juncus (?) as consules suffecti | Suffect consul of the Roman Empire 154 with Sextus Calpurnius Agricola | Succeeded by Gaius Julius Statius Severus, and Titus Junius Severus as consules suffecti |