Timothy M. Frye | |
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Academic background | |
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Discipline | Political science |
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Timothy M. Frye is an American political scientist. He is the Marshall D. Shulman Professor of Post-Soviet Foreign Policy in the Department of Political Science at Columbia University,and the author of several books about Russia and Eurasia. [1]
Frye received a B.A. in Russian language and literature from Middlebury College in 1986,an M.I.A. from the School of International and Public Affairs,Columbia University in 1992,and a Ph.D. from Columbia Graduate School of Arts and Sciences in 1997. [1] Frye was the director of the Harriman Institute at Columbia University from 2009 to 2015 and Chair of the Political Science Department from 2016-2019. [2] From 2011-2022,he was the academic supervisor and leading research fellow of the International Center for the Study of Institutions and Development (ICSID) at the Higher School of Economics in Moscow and is now on leave from this position. [3] Since 2016,he is the editor of Post-Soviet Affairs.
He won the Best Book Award from the Comparative Democratization Section of the American Political Science Association for Building States and Markets after Communism:The Perils of Polarized Democracy in 2011. [4] Previously,he won the 2001 Hewett Prize from the American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies. [1]
A communist state,also known as a Marxist–Leninist state,is a one-party state that is administered and governed by a communist party guided by Marxism–Leninism. Marxism–Leninism was the state ideology of the Soviet Union,the Comintern after Bolshevisation and the communist states within the Comecon,the Eastern Bloc,and the Warsaw Pact. Marxism–Leninism currently still remains the ideology of a few parties around the world. After its peak when many communist states were established,the Revolutions of 1989 brought down most of the communist states,however,it is still the official ideology of the ruling parties of China,Cuba,Laos,Vietnam,and to a lesser extent,North Korea. During most of the 20th century,before the Revolutions of 1989,around one-third of the world's population lived under communist states.
William Eldridge Odom was a United States Army lieutenant general who served as Director of the National Security Agency under President Ronald Reagan,which culminated a 31-year career in military intelligence,mainly specializing in matters relating to the Soviet Union. After his retirement from the military,he became a think tank policy expert and a university professor and became known for his outspoken criticism of the Iraq War and warrantless wiretapping of American citizens. He died of an apparent heart attack at his vacation home in Lincoln,Vermont.
Soviet and communist studies,or Soviet studies is the field of historical studies of the Soviet Union and other Communist states as well as historical studies of the Communist parties that existed or still exist in some form in many countries,both inside and outside the former Eastern Bloc,such as the Communist Party USA. Aspects of its historiography have attracted debates between historians on topics including totalitarianism and Cold War espionage.
Robert Charles Tucker was an American political scientist and historian. Tucker is best remembered as a biographer of Joseph Stalin and as an analyst of the Soviet political system,which he saw as dynamic rather than unchanging.
Theodore H. Draper was an American historian and political writer. Draper is best known for the 14 books he completed during his life,including work regarded as seminal on the formative period of the American Communist Party,the Cuban Revolution,and the Iran–Contra Affair. Draper was a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the 1990 recipient of the Herbert Feis Award for Nonacademically Affiliated Historians from the American Historical Association.
The Harriman Institute,the first academic center in the United States devoted to the interdisciplinary study of Russia and the Soviet Union,was founded at Columbia University in 1946,with the support of the Rockefeller Foundation,as the Russian Institute.
Carl Joachim Friedrich was a German-American professor and political theorist. He taught alternately at Harvard and Heidelberg until his retirement in 1971. His writings on state and constitutional theory,constitutionalism and government made him one of the world's leading political scientists in the post-World War II period. He is one of the most influential scholars of totalitarianism.
Jerry Fincher Hough was an American political scientist. Hough was the James B. Duke Professor of Political Science at Duke University and his research focused on domestic American politics,the Soviet Union,the democratization of Russia,and American efforts at nation-building. Hough is a part of the "revisionist school" on Soviet history,maintaining that the level of terror was much exaggerated and that the Soviet Union was institutionally weak under Joseph Stalin,among other things. He saw the focus of his research and teaching as "the relationship of long term economic development and political institutions". In his final decade he focused on "the American experience in order to better understand the way that states,markets,and democracies develop and the way in which effective and stable ones can be created and maintained."
Archibald Haworth Brown,is a British political scientist. In 2005,he became an emeritus professor of politics at the University of Oxford and an emeritus fellow of St Antony's College,Oxford,where he served as a professor of politics and director of St Antony's Russian and East European Centre. He has written widely on Soviet and Russian politics,on communist politics more generally,on the Cold War,and on political leadership.
Communism is a left-wing to far-left sociopolitical,philosophical,and economic ideology within the socialist movement,whose goal is the establishment of a communist society,a socioeconomic order centered around common ownership of the means of production,distribution,and exchange that allocates products to everyone in the society based on need. Communist societies also promote the absence of private property and social classes,and ultimately money and the state. Communists often seek a voluntary state of self-governance but disagree on the means to this end. This reflects a distinction between a more libertarian approach of communization,revolutionary spontaneity,and workers' self-management,and a more authoritarian vanguardist or Communist party-driven approach through the development of a constitutional socialist state followed by the withering away of the state. As one of the main ideologies on the political spectrum,communism is placed on the left-wing alongside socialism,and communist parties and movements have been described as radical left or far-left.
Sheila May Fitzpatrick is an Australian historian,whose main subjects are history of the Soviet Union and history of modern Russia,especially the Stalin era and the Great Purges,of which she proposes a "history from below",and is part of the "revisionist school" of Communist historiography. She has also critically reviewed the concept of totalitarianism and highlighted the differences between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union in debates about comparison of Nazism and Stalinism.
Mark R. Beissinger is an American political scientist. He is the Henry W. Putnam Professor of Politics at Princeton University.
Padma Desai was an Indian-American development economist who was the Gladys and Roland Harriman Professor Emerita of comparative economic systems and director of the Center for Transition Economies at Columbia University. Known for her scholarship on Soviet and Indian industrial policy,she was awarded the Padma Bhushan in 2009.
Kimberly Marten is an author and scholar specializing in international security,foreign policy,Russia,and environmental politics. She held the 5-year-term Ann Whitney Olin Professorship of Political Science at Barnard College from 2013 to 2018,and then returned to chair the Barnard Political Science Department for a second time from 2018-2021. She was the director of the Program on U.S.-Russia Relations at Columbia University’s Harriman Institute from 2015 to 2019,and the Harriman Institute published a profile of her career. She is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations and the International Institute for Strategic Studies,and a frequent media commentator.
A socialist state,socialist republic,or socialist country,sometimes referred to as a workers' state or workers' republic,is a sovereign state constitutionally dedicated to the establishment of socialism. The term communist state is often used synonymously in the West,specifically when referring to one-party socialist states governed by Marxist–Leninist communist parties,despite these countries being officially socialist states in the process of building socialism and progressing toward a communist society. These countries never describe themselves as communist nor as having implemented a communist society. Additionally,a number of countries that are multi-party capitalist states make references to socialism in their constitutions,in most cases alluding to the building of a socialist society,naming socialism,claiming to be a socialist state,or including the term people's republic or socialist republic in their country's full name,although this does not necessarily reflect the structure and development paths of these countries' political and economic systems. Currently,these countries include Algeria,Bangladesh,Guyana,India,Nepal,Nicaragua,Sri Lanka and Tanzania.
Jodi Dean is an American political theorist and professor in the Political Science department at Hobart and William Smith Colleges in New York state. She held the Donald R. Harter ’39 Professorship of the Humanities and Social Sciences from 2013 to 2018. Dean has also held the position of Erasmus Professor of the Humanities in the Faculty of Philosophy at Erasmus University Rotterdam. She is the author and editor of thirteen books. Her most recent book is titled Comrade:An Essay on Political Belonging.
Sarah E. Mendelson is an American diplomat and served as United States Ambassador to the United Nations Economic and Social Council. Mendelson was confirmed by the Senate on October 8,2015,and sworn into her post on October 15,2015. Mendelson was recently named Distinguished Service Professor and head of Carnegie Mellon University Heinz College's program in Washington,D.C.
Jack Lewis Snyder is an American political scientist who is the Robert and Renée Belfer Professor of International Relations at Columbia University,specializing in theories of international relations.
Timothy James Colton is a Canadian-American political scientist and historian serving as the Morris and Anna Feldberg Professor of Government and Russian Studies at Harvard University. His academic work and interests are in Russian and post-Soviet politics. He is currently an editorial board member for World Politics and Post-Soviet Affairs. He has been a fellow of the American Academy for Arts and Sciences since 2011. He is the brother of former CBC Radio Washington,D.C. correspondent,Michael Colton.
Alexander A. Cooley is an American political scientist. He is Claire Tow Professor at Barnard College and served as the 15th director of the Harriman Institute of Columbia University.