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Giuseppe Mazzini was an Italian politician, journalist, and activist for the unification of Italy (Risorgimento) and spearhead of the Italian revolutionary movement. His efforts helped bring about the independent and unified Italy in place of the several separate states, many dominated by foreign powers, that existed until the 19th century. An Italian nationalist in the historical radical tradition and a proponent of a republicanism of social-democratic inspiration, Mazzini helped define the modern European movement for popular democracy in a republican state.
Goffredo Mameli was an Italian patriot, poet, writer and a notable figure in the Risorgimento. He is also the author of the lyrics of "Il Canto degli Italiani", the national anthem of Italy.
The unification of Italy, also known as the Risorgimento, was the 19th-century political and social movement that resulted in 1861 in the consolidation of different states of the Italian Peninsula and its outlying isles into a single state, the Kingdom of Italy. Inspired by the rebellions in the 1820s and 1830s against the outcome of the Congress of Vienna, the unification process was precipitated by the Revolutions of 1848, and reached completion in 1871 after the capture of Rome and its designation as the capital of the Kingdom of Italy.
Ferdinand II was King of the Two Sicilies from 1830 until his death in 1859.
Italian irredentism was a political movement during the late 19th and early 20th centuries in Italy with irredentist goals which promoted the unification of geographic areas in which indigenous peoples were considered to be ethnic Italians. At the beginning, the movement promoted the annexation to Italy of territories where Italians formed the absolute majority of the population, but retained by the Austrian Empire after the Third Italian War of Independence in 1866. During World War I the main "irredent lands" were considered to be the provinces of Trento and Trieste and, in a narrow sense, irredentists referred to the Italian patriots living in these two areas.
Antonio Luigi Gaudenzio Giuseppe Cremona was an Italian mathematician. His life was devoted to the study of geometry and reforming advanced mathematical teaching in Italy. He worked on algebraic curves and algebraic surfaces, particularly through his paper Introduzione ad una teoria geometrica delle curve piane, and was a founder of the Italian school of algebraic geometry.
Jessie White Mario was an English writer and philanthropist. She is sometimes referred to as "Hurricane Jessie" in the Italian press.
Ciro Menotti was an Italian patriot.
Gioacchino Prati (1790–1863) was an Italian revolutionary and patriot, a supporter of the Risorgimento who was exiled for his activities in 1821. He was later a Saint-Simonian.
Tito Speri was an Italian patriot and hero of the Risorgimento.
Carlo Ilarione Petitti count of Roreto was an Italian economist, academic, writer, counsellor of state, and senator of the Kingdom of Sardinia. He is seen as a prominent figure in the Italian Risorgimento.
Giuseppe Rondizzoni was an Italian army officer who contributed to the independence of Chile.
Carlo Lombardi was an Italian patriot and soldier whose military career as an officer spanned from the Risorgimento - the Italian Unification Wars - to the American Civil War.
Risorgimento! is an opera in one act by Lorenzo Ferrero set to an Italian-language libretto by Dario Oliveri, based on a scenario by the composer. It was completed in 2010 and first performed at the Teatro Comunale Modena on 26 March 2011.
Enrico Tazzoli was an Italian patriot and priest, the best known of the Belfiore martyrs.
Gian Giacomo Poldi Pezzoli was an Italian count who gathered art from Italian Renaissance. Italys' first private museum which bears his name, the Museo Poldi Pezzoli.
Giulietta Pezzi was an Italian writer and journalist whose work included poetry, four novels, and a five-act play. Born and educated in Milan, she was a devoted follower of Mazzini and active in the Italian republican and unification movements. In her later years she wrote for several newspapers and dedicated herself to the establishment of free public schools in Italy based on Mazzini's educational philosophy. She died in the city of her birth at the age of 71. During her lifetime several art songs were dedicated to her, including Bellini's "Vaga luna, che inargenti".
Giuseppe Finzi was a patriot and Italian politician.
Livio Zambeccari was a risorgimento activist and, for his admirers, hero. He was involved, sometimes on the frontline, in various liberation wars and skirmishes that marked the Italian struggle for independence between 1821 and 1860. He was, through much of his life, frequently forced into exile by the authorities. Between 1826 and 1840 he was active on the side of liberalism and nationalism in South America where he participated in several major wars. Zambeccari's courage and commitment to the liberation cause were beyond doubt, but among more thoughtful comrades he nevertheless suffered from a reputation as an outspoken and impulsive buffoon. Felice Orsini wrote: "Zambeccari is a very close friend, but be in no doubt that when danger threatens, in those situations where military insight and resolve are needed, it is unfortunately the case that he is useless. That is a great pity, because the man is devoted to his country."
