Toghon (son of Kublai)

Last updated
Toghon
Prince of Zhennan (鎮南王)
Prince of Zhennan
Reign1284–1301
SuccessorLaozhang
Born?
Died1301
Yangzhou
Concubine An Tư
Issue See § Family
Names
Toghon (ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠨ)
Father Kublai Khan
MotherEmpress Bayaujin

Toghon [lower-alpha 1] (died 1301) was the ninth son of Kublai Khan, founder of the Yuan dynasty. He was a commander of the Mongol forces in the Mongol invasions of Vietnam.

Contents

Biography

He was granted the title Prince of Zhennan (鎮南王, Mongolian : Жэнь Нань ван, Vietnamese : Trấn Nam vương "Prince of Suppressing the South") and moved his household to Ezhou in 1284. [2]

In 1285, he led the Mongol armies sent to conquer Champa. [1] He demanded from Đại Việt (now modern Vietnam) a route to Champa, which would trap the Champan army from both north and south, but it was rejected by retired emperor Trần Thánh Tông, who was the de facto ruler of Đại Việt. [1] As a result, Toghon led an an invasion of Đại Việt under orders from Kublai Khan. At first he won several victories and captured Thăng Long, the capital of Đại Việt. [1] Trần Thánh Tông had to offer princess An Tư to him to slow down the pace of the Mongol army. [1] Later he ordered a withdrawal back to China, blaming the weather and diseas in Đại Việt. [1] His forces were attacked and defeated by Trần Hưng Đạo during their retreat. [1]

In 1287, he invaded Vietnam again. [1] The Mongol navy was overwhelmed by Trần dynasty in Bạch Đằng river, and he retreated. This ashamed his father who no longer wished to see him again. He moved to Yangzhou in 1291, where he died 10 years later. [2]

Family

Notes

  1. also Toghan, Togon, Togan, [1] or Tūqān; Chinese :脫歡, Mongolian: Тогоон, Vietnamese: Thoát Hoan, Persian: توقان

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Lien, Vu Hong; Sharrock, Peter (2014). "6: The Trần Dynasty (1226-1443)". Descending Dragon, Rising Tiger: A History of Vietnam. Reaktion Books. ISBN   9781780233888.
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  3. History of Yuan , vol. 107