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Posts and telecommunications have long played an essential role in Lebanon, a small country with an expansive diaspora, a vivid media landscape, and an economy geared toward trade and banking. The sector's history has nonetheless been chaotic, marked by conflict but also, and perhaps most importantly, a deeply rooted legacy of state control, weak competition, and intense politicization. A combination of poor services and high prices culminated in popular protests against the government's attempt, in October 2019, to tax the widely used messaging service WhatsApp. The anger this measure triggered captured a more general sense of dissatisfaction, and contributed to tipping the country into a protracted crisis. Civil unrest coincided with Lebanon's default on its ballooning debt; in the ensuing economic collapse, telecommunications have been among the infrastructure most affected.
Emirates Telecommunications Group Company PJSC, doing business as etisalat by e& is an Emirati-based multinational telecommunications services provider, currently operating in 16 countries across Asia, the Middle East and Africa. It is the 18th largest mobile network operator in the world by number of subscribers. In December 2020, Etisalat claimed to provide the world’s fastest 5G download speed at 9.1 Gigabits per second, a network which it has started rolling out in Dubai since 2017. Etisalat is one of the strongest brand in the Middle East and Africa, and one of the strongest telecoms brand in the world.
MTS, headquartered in Moscow, is the largest mobile network operator in Russia, operating on GSM, UMTS and LTE standards. Apart from cellular network, the company also offers local telephone service, broadband, mobile television, cable television, satellite television and digital television.
Tele2 AB is a provider of mobile and fixed connectivity, telephony, data network services, TV, streaming and global Internet of Things services, amongst others, to consumers and enterprises. It is headquartered in Kista Science City, Stockholm, Sweden. It is a major mobile network operator in Sweden, Russia, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.
Vodafone Czech Republic a.s. is a Czech telecommunications company. It is among the largest Czech companies by revenue. It was established as Český Mobil in 1999, when the government of Miloš Zeman granted it a free license to operate the third mobile GSM network. Its mobile network was called Oskar; the company itself was renamed in September 2004 to Oskar Mobil. In 2005 the international company Vodafone became the sole shareholder, which in November 2005, approved the most recent change in the company name. Czech Vodafone currently has over 3 million customers. The director is Petr Dvořák since February 2018.
Chunghwa Telecom Company, Ltd. is the largest integrated telecom service provider in Taiwan, and the incumbent local exchange carrier of PSTN, Mobile, and broadband services in the country.
Zain Jordan is part of the Zain Group currently serving over 32 million active customers across the Middle East and Africa. Effective September 8, 2007, Zain is the new corporate master brand name for the Group, the leading mobile telecommunications provider in the Middle East and Africa. The Group now operates under the Zain brand in Jordan, Kuwait, Bahrain and Sudan. In Iraq, it is currently known as mtc-atheer; in Lebanon, as mtc-touch; and in 14 sub-Saharan countries in Africa as Celtel: Burkina Faso, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Kenya, Malawi, Madagascar, Niger, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia.
Rostelecom is Russia’s largest provider of digital services for a wide variety of consumers, households, private businesses, government and municipal authorities, and other telecom providers. Rostelecom interconnects all local public operators’ networks into a single national network for long-distance service. In other words, if one makes a long-distance call or originates Internet contact to or from Russia, it is likely that Rostelecom is providing part of the service. The company's stock trades primarily on the Moscow Exchange.
BSNL is a division of Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited which is under the ownership of Department of Telecommunications under Ministry of Communications of the Government of India. It provides both pre-paid and post-paid mobile services as well as many value added services. BSNL Mobile has a pan-India presence with presence in all the 22 telecom circles in India. It is the fourth largest mobile network operator in India. It provides all of India services with roaming access, including Delhi, Kolkata and Mumbai, and International roaming access to more than 300 networks across the world.
Mobile Telecommunications Company K.S.C.P., is a Kuwaiti mobile telecommunications company founded in 1983 in Kuwait as MTC, and later rebranded as Zain in 2007. Zain has a commercial presence in seven countries across the Middle East with 49.5 million active customers as of 31 December 2019. The Vice Chairman and Group CEO is Bader Nasser Al-Kharafi, who was appointed in March 2017. Approximately 24.6% of the company is owned by Kuwait Investment Authority; 21.9% is owned by Omantel; only shareholders that own above 5% are disclosed.
Alfa, or Alfa Telecommunications, is a state-owned Lebanese telecom company, founded in 1994, and the only operating GSM networks in Lebanon other than Touch. Previously managed by Orascom TMT, its management had been transferred to the Telecommunications Ministry in 2020.
Zain Sudan is a mobile phone operator in Sudan, and part of the Zain Group. Formed in 1996, a large portion of the network split in 2011 to Zain South Sudan.
Mobile Telecommunications Limited (MTC) is a mobile telecommunications company and internet service provider in Namibia. It is the largest mobile carrier in Namibia with over two million active subscribers. MTC was established in 1995 and was the only cellular provider in Namibia at that time. Today, its competitors in Namibia are TN Mobile and Telecom Namibia.
Mobile Telecommunication Company Saudi Arabia is a Saudi Arabian telecommunications and digital services company that provides telecom services, 5G network, digital payment services, cloud computing, IoT solutions, fiber services, drones under the brand name Zain KSA.
3G mobile telephony was relatively slow to be adopted globally. In some instances, 3G networks do not use the same radio frequencies as 2G so mobile operators must build entirely new networks and license entirely new frequencies, especially so to achieve high data transmission rates. Other delays were due to the expenses of upgrading transmission hardware, especially for UMTS, whose deployment required the replacement of most broadcast towers. Due to these issues and difficulties with deployment, many carriers delayed acquisition of these updated capabilities.
Marwan Hayek is the former Chief Executive Officer of Alfa Telecom in Lebanon.
Red Compartida is the official name of the network that will result from the Mexican Government's 2014-2016 effort to overhaul its telecommunications industry by introducing competition into the marketplace. If successful, the Red Compartida network will be the first fully wholesale mobile network deployed anywhere in the world.
References
- 1 2 "Lebanese government to take back mobile networks ahead of new tender". Arab News. 5 May 2020. Retrieved 2 July 2020.
- 1 2 "Lebanon's Telecom Ministry buys touch building for $75mln". Zawya. The Daily Star. 2 August 2019. Retrieved 2 July 2020.
- ↑ "Touch launches commercial LTE". TeleGeography — CommsUpdate. 23 May 2013. Retrieved 2 July 2020.
- ↑ "Electricity, mobiles and cash - a snapshot of Lebanese grievances". EuroNews. Reuters. 9 December 2019. Retrieved 2 July 2020.
- ↑ "Hundreds injured in Lebanon as violence flares in 'week of anger'". The Guardian. 19 January 2020. Retrieved 2 July 2020.
- ↑ "Government takes control of Lebanon operators". Mobile World Live. 6 May 2020. Retrieved 2 July 2020.
- ↑ "Telecoms Ministry to operate mobile networks until new tender launched". The Daily Star Lebanon. 5 May 2020. Retrieved 2 July 2020.
