Folklore is shared by a particular group of people; it encompasses the traditions common to that culture, subculture or group. This includes oral traditions such as tales, legends, proverbs and jokes. They include material culture, ranging from traditional building styles common to the group. Folklore also includes customary lore, taking actions for folk beliefs, the forms and rituals of celebrations such as Christmas and weddings, folk dances and initiation rites. Each one of these, either singly or in combination, is considered a folklore artifact or traditional cultural expression. Just as essential as the form, folklore also encompasses the transmission of these artifacts from one region to another or from one generation to the next. Folklore is not something one can typically gain in a formal school curriculum or study in the fine arts. Instead, these traditions are passed along informally from one individual to another either through verbal instruction or demonstration. The academic study of folklore is called folklore studies or folkloristics, and it can be explored at undergraduate, graduate and Ph.D. levels.
Folklore studies is the branch of anthropology devoted to the study of folklore. This term, along with its synonyms, gained currency in the 1950s to distinguish the academic study of traditional culture from the folklore artifacts themselves. It became established as a field across both Europe and North America, coordinating with Volkskunde (German), folkeminner (Norwegian), and folkminnen (Swedish), among others.
Oral literature, orature or folk literature is a genre of literature that is spoken or sung as opposed to that which is written, though much oral literature has been transcribed. There is no standard definition, as anthropologists have used varying descriptions for oral literature or folk literature. A broad conceptualization refers to it as literature characterized by oral transmission and the absence of any fixed form. It includes the stories, legends, and history passed through generations in a spoken form.
The Adivasi refers to inhabitants of the Indian subcontinent, generally tribal people. The term is a Sanskrit word coined in the 1930s by political activists to give the tribal people an indigenous identity by claiming an indigenous origin. The term is also used for ethnic minorities, such as Chakmas of Bangladesh, Khas of Nepal, and Vedda of Sri Lanka. The Constitution of India does not use the word Adivasi, instead referring to Scheduled Tribes and Janjati. The government of India does not officially recognise tribes as indigenous people. The country ratified the International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention 107 on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples of the United Nations (1957) and refused to sign the ILO Convention 169. Most of these groups are included in the Scheduled Tribe category under constitutional provisions in India.
Dogri is an Indo-Aryan language primarily spoken in the Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir, India, with smaller groups of speakers in adjoining regions of western Himachal Pradesh, northern Punjab, and north-eastern Pakistani Punjab. It is the ethnic language of the Dogras, and was spoken in the historical region of Greater Duggar. Currently in Districts : Kathua, Jaamu, Samba, Udhampur, and Reasi, it is a majority language. Dogri is a member of the Western Pahari group of languages. Unusually for an Indo-European language, Dogri is tonal, a trait it shares with other Western Pahari languages and Punjabi. It has several varieties, all with greater than 80% lexical similarity.
The Bakarwal are a nomadic ethnic group, who along with Gujjars are listed as Scheduled Tribes in the Indian Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh since 1991.
Gojri, also known as Gujari, Gujri, Gojari, or Gojri, is a variety of Rajasthani spoken by the Gurjars and other tribes of India, Pakistan and Afghanistan.
Gurjar or Gujjar is an ethnic nomadic, agricultural and pastoral community, spread mainly in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan, divided internally into various clan groups. They were traditionally involved in agriculture and pastoral and nomadic activities and formed a large homogeneous group. The historical role of Gurjars has been quite diverse in society, at one end they have been founder of several kingdoms, dynasties, and at the other end, some are still nomads with no land of their own.
In the context of the nomadic Muslim Gujjar Bakarwals of South Asia, the terms Ajar and Ājaṛī, originally meaning "shepherd" in Gujari, are used in several different ways.
The Jammu and Kashmir Academy of Art, Culture and Languages is a Society registered with Government as a Cultural organization dedicated to the promotion of regional languages, art and culture including theatre in Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Masud Choudhary was an Indian educator, social reformer, thinker and an administrator of Jammu and Kashmir union territory. He was the founding Vice Chancellor of Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University in Rajouri, J&K. He was also the Chief Patron of the Gurjar Desh Charitable Trust.
A pediatrician by profession, Dr. Rafique Anjum is an Urdu/Punjabi and Gojri poet, Islamic scholar and researcher of Jammu and Kashmir. He received state level award for Excellence in Literature in 2007, and is a member of General Council of Jammu and Kashmir Academy of Art, Culture and Languages. He has served as Registrar and Consultant Pediatrician in GMC Srinagar and Consultant Paediatrician in JK Health services. Presently he is working as Coordinator Centre for Research in Gojri, Pahari & Kashmiri Languages and Asst. Professor in School of Islamic Studies and Languages at BGSBU.
The Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe is a federally recognized Native American nation in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The tribe is part of the larger Klallam culture, part of the Coast Salish peoples.
Thunchath Ezhuthachan Malayalam University, also called Malayalam University, is a state university in Tirur, Kerala, India.
The Society of Swedish Literature in Finland is a scholarly society for the collection, archiving and dissemination of knowledge about Finland-Swedish culture. SLS publishes scholarly literature, maintains archives and libraries, funds research and awards literary and scholarly prizes and scholarships. SLS’s activity is made possible by private donations. SLS is one of the largest managers of private charitable funds in Finland.
The Pahari people or Pahari-speaking people is a cover term for a number of heterogeneous communities inhabiting the Indian regions of Jammu and Kashmir, Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh, and also parts of Azad Kashmir, a region administered by Pakistan. Pahari is an ambiguous term used to describe a variety of Northern Indo-Aryan languages, most of which are found in the lower Himalayas. They are divided into Eastern Pahari, Central Pahari, and Western Pahari, consisting of a number of different languages.
Adbee Markaz Kamraz (AMK), sometimes referred to as Adbee Markaz Kamraz Jammu and Kashmir (AMKJK), is an oldest and the largest cultural and literary organisation of the Jammu Jammu and Kashmir union territory focused on promoting and preserving Kashmiri culture, literature, art and Kashmiri language in particular. Sponsored by the government of Jammu and Kashmir, it is headquartered in Baramullah district of the Kashmir Valley. It consisting a group with centralized control of 22 to 24 registered literary and cultural organizations of the valley, responsible for literary activities such as promote research, organise meetings and publish books that originally belongs to Kashmiri writers.
Javaid Rahi is an Indian author, a tribal social reformer, and a researcher. He worked in the preservation of the Culture and Heritage of indigenous communities of North-western India focusing on tribal Gujjar-Bakerwal culture. He is a writer of Gojri, Punjabi and Urdu languages.
Gogeumsochong is a collection of preposterous tales, consisting of eleven different anthologies collected from the period of early to late Joseon. A replica copy of Gogeumsochong was published in 1958 by Folklore Research Association, containing 11 types of scruple and 800 pieces of plots. In 1970, a total 379 preposterous tales were collected under the same title which consisted of both Chinese-characters and Korean translations and in 2008, the entire original edition from Joseon was published in five manuals.