The Bulgars were Turkic semi-nomadic warrior tribes that flourished in the Pontic–Caspian steppe and the Volga region during the 7th century. They became known as nomadic equestrians in the Volga-Ural region, but some researchers say that their ethnic roots can be traced to Central Asia. During their westward migration across the Eurasian steppe, the Bulgar tribes absorbed other ethnic groups and cultural influences in a process of ethnogenesis, including Indo-European, Finno-Ugric and Hunnic tribes. Modern genetic research on Central Asian Turkic people and ethnic groups related to the Bulgars points to an affiliation with Western Eurasian populations. The Bulgars spoke a Turkic language, i.e. Bulgar language of Oghuric branch. They preserved the military titles, organization and customs of Eurasian steppes, as well as pagan shamanism and belief in the sky deity Tangra.
The Pannonian Avars were an alliance of several groups of Eurasian nomads of unknown origins.
Volga Bulgaria or Volga–Kama Bulghar, was a historic Bulgar state that existed between the 7th and 13th centuries around the confluence of the Volga and Kama River, in what is now European Russia. Volga Bulgaria was a multi-ethnic state with large numbers of Turkic Bulgars, a variety of Finnic and Ugric peoples, and many East Slavs. The very strategic position of Volga Bulgaria allowed it to create a monopoly between the trade of Arabs, Norse and Avars.
Bulgar is an extinct Oghur Turkic language which was spoken by the Bulgars.
Yelabuga is a town in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia, located on the right bank of the Kama River and 200 kilometers (120 mi) east from Kazan. Population: 70,728 (2010 Census); 68,663 (2002 Census); 53,537 (1989 Census).
The Mongol invasion of Volga Bulgaria lasted from 1223 to 1236. The Bulgar state, centered in lower Volga and Kama, was the center of the fur trade in Eurasia throughout most of its history. Before the Mongol conquest, Russians of Novgorod and Vladimir repeatedly looted and attacked the area, thereby weakening the Bulgar state's economy and military power. The latter ambushed the Mongols in the later 1223 or in 1224. Several clashes occurred between 1229–1234, and the Mongol Empire conquered the Bulgars in 1236.
Pliska was the first capital of the First Bulgarian Empire during the Middle Ages and is now a small town in Shumen Province, on the Ludogorie plateau of the Danubian Plain, 20 km northeast of the provincial capital, Shumen.
Khazar, also known as Khazaric or Khazaris, was a Turkic dialect group spoken by the Khazars, a group of semi-nomadic Turkic peoples originating from Central Asia. There are few written records of the language and its features and characteristics are unknown. It is believed to have gradually become extinct by the 13th century AD as its speakers assimilated into neighboring Turkic-speaking populations.
The Cäğfär Taríxı is a Russian language partial translation of a supposed 17th-century Volga Tatars compilation of early historical material on the Bulgars, Khazars and other Eurasian nomads. Most scholars view the work as a mixture of factual data and outright fabrications, while others view the work as authentic.
The Volga Tatars are a Turkic ethnic group native to the Volga-Ural region of Russia. They are subdivided into various subgroups. Volga Tatars are Russia's second-largest ethnicity after the Russians. They compose 53% of the population of Tatarstan and 25% of the population of Bashkortostan.
Kubrat is a town in Razgrad Province, Northeastern Bulgaria, part of the Ludogorie region. Named after the Bulgar ruler Kubrat, it is the administrative centre of the homonymous Kubrat Municipality. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 8,118 inhabitants.
Celle di Bulgheria, also shortened as Celle Bulgheria, is a town and comune in the province of Salerno in the Campania region of south-western Italy.
Kazarig, was the name of a dynasty of Hunno-Bulgar rulers in the Land of Kedar (Arabia). The first Khazarig was, according to Sandilch, a son of Ernakh, after whom the Kozarigur Bulgar-Huns were named. Ernakh's other son was Utig after whom Sandilch's own Utigur Bulgar-Huns were named.
The territory of modern Albania was part of the Bulgarian Empire during certain periods in the Middle Ages and some parts in what is now eastern Albania were populated and ruled by the Bulgarians for centuries. Most of Albania became part of the First Empire in the early 840s during the reign of Khan Presian. Some coastal towns such as Durrës remained in the hands of the Byzantines for most of that period. The castles of the inner mountainous country remained one of the last Bulgarian strongholds to be conquered by the Byzantines in 1018/1019 during the fall of the First Bulgarian Empire — Tomornitsa. During the Byzantine rule Albania was one of the centres of a Uprising of Peter Delyan. The last Bulgarian Emperor to govern the whole territory was Ivan Asen II (1218–1241) but after his successors the Bulgarian rule diminished. Much of that area corresponded with the Bulgarian historical region Kutmichevitsa.
A Tatar personal name, being strongly influenced by Russian tradition, consists of two main elements: isem and familia and also patronymic. Given name was traditional for Volga Bulgarians for centuries, family name appeared in the end of the 19th century, when it replaced patronymic. In fact, usage of family name appeared when Russian scribers gave documents to Bulgarians. Later, being adapted to Soviet tradition, Volga Bulgarians started to use patronymic as third element, especially in informal communication.
The Chinese zodiac, or simply zodiac is a classification scheme based on the lunar calendar that assigns an animal and its reputed attributes to each year in a repeating 12-year cycle. Originating from China, the zodiac and its variations remain popular in many East Asian and Southeast Asian countries, such as Japan, South Korea, Vietnam, the Philippines, Cambodia, and Thailand.
The National Patriotic Front was a clandestine political party in the Moldovan SSR.
Kaduna South is a Local Government Area in Kaduna Central Kaduna State, Nigeria. Its headquarters is the town of Makera. Other wards are Barnawa, Tudun wada, Television, Kakuri, Unguwar Muazu, Kabala West, Sabon Gari, Badikko, Unguwar Sanusi and Kurmin Mashi. It has an area of 46.2 km2. The postal code of the area is 800.
Old Great Bulgaria or Great Bulgaria, also often known by the Latin names Magna Bulgaria and Patria Onoguria, was a 7th-century Nomadic empire formed by the Onogur Bulgars on the western Pontic–Caspian steppe. Great Bulgaria was originally centered between the Dniester and lower Volga.
Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic is a tertiary education institution in Zaria Kaduna State, Nigeria. The polytechnic was established on 2 February 1989 by the Kaduna state government to provide training and development techniques in the Field of engineering, applied science, commerce and other spheres of learning. The polytechnic is one of the tertiary teaching institutions owned and managed by the Kaduna State government. The polytechnic was named after the then Nigeria's foreign minister Nuhu Bamalli.
