The Malacca Sultanate was a Malay sultanate based in the modern-day state of Malacca,Malaysia. Conventional historical thesis marks c. 1400 as the founding year of the sultanate by King of Singapura,Parameswara,also known as Iskandar Shah,although earlier dates for its founding have been proposed. At the height of the sultanate's power in the 15th century,its capital grew into one of the most important transshipment ports of its time,with territory covering much of the Malay Peninsula,the Riau Islands and a significant portion of the northern coast of Sumatra in present-day Indonesia.
Bendahara was an administrative position within classical Malay kingdoms comparable to a vizier before the intervention of European powers during the 19th century. A bendahara was appointed by a sultan and was a hereditary post. The bendahara and the sultan shared the same lineage.
Sultan Mahmud Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah ruled the Sultanate of Malacca from 1488 to 1511,and again as pretender to the throne from 1513 to 1528. He was son to Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah. As a monarch,he was known to be ruthless ruler. After the capture of Malacca and the downfall of the century long sultanate;Mahmud left for Bintan and became a leader of a small confederacy which led attacks against Portuguese-occupied Malacca in the late 1510s. After retaliation from the Portuguese in 1526,he fled to Riau and died there in 1528.
Bendahara Paduka Raja Tun Perak was the fifth and most famous bendahara,a Malay rank similar to a prime minister,of the Sultanate of Malacca. He served under four sultans from 1456 to 1498. Early in his life,Perak was a soldier-statesman for Malaccan rulers.
The Sultan Ahmad Shah Mosque is Pahang's state mosque. It is located in Kuantan,Pahang,Malaysia.
Tun Fatimah was a well-known heroine and daughter of Tun Mutahir the Malaccan bendahara who lived during the 16th century. She was married to Malacca's Sultan Mahmud Shah.
Puteri Gunong Ledang is a 1961 Singaporean Malay-language black-and-white period romantic drama film directed by S. Roomai Noor and based on the Legend of Puteri Gunung Ledang. The film introduces actress Elaine Edley in her first film role.
Tun Muhammad bin Tun Ahmad,better known as Tun Sri Lanang,was the Bendahara of the royal court of the Johor Sultanate who lived between the 16th and 17th centuries. He served under two sultans of Johor,namely;Sultan Ali Jalla Abdul Jalil Shah II (1570–1597) and Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah III (1597–1615) and also advisers to three rulers of the Aceh Sultanate namely;Sultan Iskandar Muda,Sultan Iskandar Thani (1636–1641) and Sultana Tajul Alam Safiatuddin Shah (1641–1675). He had two honorific titles throughout his lifetime;as the Bendahara of Johor,Bendahara Paduka Raja Tun Mohamad,while he was given the title of Orang Kaya Dato' Bendahara Seri Paduka Tun Seberang after settling in Aceh.
Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Mansur Shah was a sultan of the Malacca Sultanate from 1477 to 1488.
Sultan Abu Syahid Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Muhammad Shah whose real name was Raja Ibrahim,was the 4th Sultan of the Malaccan Sultanate from 1444 to 1446. Despite the fact that Malacca was a Muslim kingdom,Syahid Shah was a practising Hindu. He styled himself as Raja Sri Parameswara Deva Shah. Appointment of Raja Ibrahim as 4th Sultan of Malacca was unpopular because of his young age. His predecessor,Sultan Muhammad Shah had allegedly seen the Islamic prophet Muhammad in his dream and converted to Islam. Syahid Shah on taking a Hindu title represented a traditionalist reaction in Malacca against Islam,the new religion. He reigned for only seventeen months,after which he was killed in a plot allegedly conspired by the Tamil Muslim Bendahara,,Raja Kassim,son of Muhammad Shah,Tun Perpatih Sedang and Datuk Bendahara Seri Amar Diraja. Syahid Shah was then given the title Abu Syahid,which means "the Martyred King".
Tun Perpatih Putih was the 6th bendahara of the Sultanate of Malacca. He succeeded his brother,Tun Perak,in 1498. He has been described as an ineffective bendahara or prime minister,claimed to be due to his old age. Under his administration,political corruption was high in Malacca and struggles between the Gujarat Muslim and Malay people intensified. He was succeeded by the temenggung Bendahara Sri Maharaja Tun Mutahir in 1500 on his death.
Bendahara Sri Nara Diraja Tun Ali was a Tamil Muslim and the fourth bendahara of the Malacca Sultanate. He was the penghulu bendahari of Malacca before becoming bendahara. He allegedly conspired to assassinate the sultan of Malacca,Raja Sri Parameswara Dewa Shah. According to other sources,Tun Ali and his nephew,Raja Kassim was conspiring to murder Raja Rokan who was disliked by palace officials. It was said that during the attack,Raja Rokan who was with Sri Parameswara stabbed the king in retaliation to an attacker stabbing Raja Rokan. Tun Ali and Raja Kassim was unable to save the king. Tun Ali then installed Raja Kassim as the monarch of Malacca who took the title Sultan Muzaffar Shah. Tun Ali stepped down in 1446 upon the advice of Sultan Muzaffar in favour of Bendahara Paduka Raja Tun Perak.
Sultan of Pahang is the title of the hereditary constitutional head of Pahang,Malaysia. The current sultan is Al-Sultan Abdullah ibni Sultan Ahmad Shah. He is the Head of Islam in the state and the source of all titles,honours and dignities in the state. Historically,the title was also used by rulers of the Old Pahang Sultanate.
Sri Paduka Dato' Bendahara Sri Maharaja Tun Muhammad Tahir ibni Almarhum Dato' Bendahara Sri Maharaja Tun Ali was the fifth Raja Bendahara of Pahang who ruled the state until his death in 1863 in the Pahang Civil War.
Sultan Ahmad Al-Muʽazzam Shah Ibni Al-Marhum Bendahara Sri Maharaja Tun Ali was the sixth Raja Bendahara of Pahang and the founder and first modern Sultan of Pahang. Commonly known as Tun Wan Ahmad before his accession,he seized the throne in 1863 after defeating his elder brother Tun Mutahir in the Pahang Civil War,assuming the title Sri Paduka Dato' Bendahara Siwa Raja Tun Ahmad. In the early years of his reign,Pahang descended into turmoil,with various attempts made by the surviving sons of Tun Mutahir,based in Selangor,to overthrow him. This led to Pahang's direct involvement in the Selangor Civil War that brought it to a conclusive end.
Sultan Muhammad Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Mansur Shah (1455–1475) was the founder of the old Pahang Sultanate and reigned from 1470 to 1475. A former heir apparent to the Malaccan throne,he was banished by his father Mansur Shah for committing murder,following an incident in a Sepak Raga game and went into exile in Pahang and was later installed as its first sultan in 1470.
Sultan Ahmad Shah I ibni Almarhum Sultan Mansur Shah was the second Sultan of Pahang from 1475 to 1495. He succeeded his younger brother,Muhammad Shah as sultan after the latter's death by poisoning in 1475. During his reign,relations between Pahang and its Malaccan overlord,deteriorated greatly,as a result of Sultan Ahmad's resentment towards his half-brother Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah of Malacca. Under Sultan Ahmad's rule,Pahang became increasingly unstable with Sultan Ahmad abdicating around 1495,in favour of his son,Raja Mansur.
Sri Paduka Dato' Bendahara Sri Maharaja Tun Ali ibni Almarhum Dato' Bendahara Paduka Raja Tun Koris was the 23rd and the last Bendahara of the Johor Sultanate,and the fourth Raja Bendahara of the Pahang Kingdom reigning from 1806 to 1857.
The Pahang Civil War,also known as the Brothers War or the Bendahara War was a civil war fought from 1857 to 1863,between forces loyal to the reigning Raja Bendahara Tun Mutahir,and forces loyal to his brother Tun Ahmad,over the succession to the throne of Pahang.
The Pahang Kingdom was a Malay state that existed from 1770 to 1881,and is the immediate predecessor of the modern Malaysian state of Pahang. The kingdom came into existence with the consolidation of power by the Bendahara family in Pahang,following the gradual dismemberment of the Johor Empire. Self rule was established in Pahang in the late 18th century,with Tun Abdul Majid declared as the first raja bendahara. The area around Pahang formed a part of the hereditary domains attached to this title and administered directly by the raja bendahara. The weakening of the Johor Sultanate and the disputed succession to the throne was coupled by the increasing independence of the Bendahara in Pahang,the Temenggong in Johor and Singapore,and the Yamtuan Muda in Riau.
