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The Johor Sultanate was founded by Malaccan Sultan Mahmud Shah's son,Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah II in 1528. Johor was part of the Malaccan Sultanate before the Portuguese conquered Malacca's capital in 1511. At its height,the sultanate controlled modern-day Johor,Pahang,Terengganu,and territories stretching from the river Klang to the Linggi and Tanjung Tuan,Muar,Batu Pahat,Singapore,Pulau Tinggi and other islands off the east coast of the Malay peninsula,the Karimun islands,the islands of Bintan,Bulang,Lingga and Bunguran,and Bengkalis,Kampar and Siak in Sumatra. During the colonial era,the mainland part was administered by the British,and the insular part by the Dutch,thus breaking up the sultanate into Johor and Riau. In 1946,the British section became part of the Malayan Union. Two years later,it joined the Federation of Malaya and subsequently,the Federation of Malaysia in 1963. In 1949,the Dutch section became part of Indonesia.
Bendahara is an administrative position within classical Malay kingdoms comparable to a vizier before the intervention of European powers during the 19th century. A bendahara was appointed by a sultan and was a hereditary post. The bendahara and the sultan shared the same lineage.
Sultan Mahmud Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah ruled the Sultanate of Malacca from 1488 to 1511,and again as pretender to the throne from 1513 to 1528. He was son to Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah. As a monarch,he was known to be ruthless ruler. After the capture of Malacca and the downfall of the century long sultanate;Mahmud left for Bintan and became a leader of a small confederacy which led attacks against Portuguese-occupied Malacca in the late 1510s. After retaliation from the Portuguese in 1526,he fled to Riau and died there in 1528.
Megat Terawis was the first Bendahara of Perak and was known by the title Orang Kaya Bendahara Paduka Raja. He was the son of the Daulat Yang Dipertuan Pagar Ruyung,Megat Terawan. He was to inherit the throne of Pagar Ruyung but he opted for the Bendaharaship of Perak instead of going back to Pagar Ruyung to succeed the throne. His descendants were holders of the Bendaharaship of Perak. One of his descendants,Megat Menjanas,married Raja Shah Alam Sayong - a daughter of Sultan Muzaffar Shah II of Perak.
Bendahara Paduka Raja Tun Perak was the fifth and most famous bendahara,a Malay rank similar to a prime minister,of the Sultanate of Malacca. He served under four sultans from 1456 to 1498. Early in his life,Perak was a soldier-statesman for Malaccan rulers. In 1445,he led the Malaccan army to victory by defeating Siamese invaders. As a result,he was made bendahara in 1456.
Malacca High School (MHS) is a secondary school in Malacca,Malaysia. Founded on 7 December 1826,it is the second oldest recorded school in the country after only Penang Free School. It was awarded cluster school status and is known as one of the premier schools in Malaysia.
Sungai Balang is a mukim in Muar District,Johor,Malaysia. It is located on Federal Route 5. Its name literally means Balang River.
Tun Muhammad bin Tun Ahmad,better known as Tun Sri Lanang,was the Bendahara of the royal Court of Johor Sultanate who lived between the 16th and 17th centuries. He served under two Sultans of Johor,namely;Sultan Ali Jalla Abdul Jalil Shah II (1570–1597) and Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah III (1597–1615) and also advisers to 3 Acheh sultans namely;Sultan Iskandar Muda,Sultan Iskandar Thani (1636–1641) and Sultana Tajul Alam Safiatuddin Shah (1641–1675). He had two honorific titles throughout his lifetime;as the Bendahara of Johor,Bendahara Paduka Raja Tun Mohamad,while he was given the title of Orang Kaya Dato' Bendahara Seri Paduka Tun Seberang after settling in Aceh.
Sultan Muzaffar Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Muhammad Shah was the fifth Sultan of Malacca. He ruled from 1446 to 1459. He is the son of Sultan Muhammad Shah. The original name of Sultan Muzaffar Shah is Raja Kassim and known as Sulutan Wudafona Sha in History of Ming of China. Sultan Muzaffar Shah died in 1459 and his tomb is still in Malacca now.
Bendahara Sri Maharaja Tun Mutahir was a famous Bendahara of the Malaccan Sultanate. Of Indian Muslim ancestry,he was the seventh Bendahara,a post equivalent to a prime minister. Prior to holding the post of Bendahara,he also held the post of Temenggung. He was also an influential Indian Muslim leader in Malacca who elected Indian Muslims to important posts in the Malaccan government.
Bendahara Sri Nara Diraja Tun Ali was the fourth bendahara,or prime minister of the Malaccan Sultanate. He was the penghulu bendahari of Malacca before becoming bendahara. He had allegedly conspired to assassinate the sultan of Malacca,Raja Sri Parameswara Dewa Shah. According to other sources,Tun Ali and his nephew,Raja Kassim was conspiring to murder Raja Rokan who was disliked by palace officials. It was said that during the attack,Raja Rokan who was with Sri Parameswara stabbed the king in retaliation to an attacker stabbing Raja Rokan. Tun Ali and Raja Kassim was unsuccessful to save the king. Tun Ali then installed Raja Kassim as the monarch of Malacca who took the title Sultan Muzaffar Shah. Tun Ali stepped down in 1446 upon the advice of Sultan Muzaffar in favour of Bendahara Paduka Raja Tun Perak.
The Segamat River is a river which flows within the District of Segamat,Johor,Malaysia which also flows through Segamat town center. The source of the river is at Gunung Besar which is located within Endau Rompin National Park and its confluence is at the Muar River.
Tun Seri Setia Dr. Haji Mohd. Ali bin Mohd. Rustam is a Malaysian politician who has served as the 7th Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Malacca since June 2020. He served as the 9th Chief Minister of Melaka from December 1999 to May 2013,Deputy Minister of Health from November 1996 to December 1999,Deputy Minister of Transport from May 1995 to November 1996,Member of Parliament (MP) for Batu Berendam from April 1995 to November 1999,Member of the Malacca State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Bukit Batu from March 2004 to May 2013,Paya Rumput from November 1999 to March 2004,Sungai Udang from October 1990 to April 1995 and Ayer Molek from August 1986 to October 1990. He is a member of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO),a component party of ruling Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition.
Tun Habib Abdul Majid bin Tun Ali bin Tun Muhammad was the 19th Bendahara of the Johor Sultanate during the late 17th century. The Johor Sultanate under Sultan Mahmud Shah II saw a gradual decline of royal authority during Tun Habib's tenure as the Bendahara of Johor. Internal challenges within the Sultanate faced by Tun Habib consolidated his power as the Bendahara,in which case the Bendahara monopolised legitimate authority over the Johor Sultanate by the 1690s. After his death,Tun Habib's descendants spanned throughout the Johor Sultanate and established ruling houses in Riau-Lingga,Johor,Pahang and Terengganu.
Tun Datuk Seri Utama Mohd Khalil bin Yaakob is a Malaysian politician who served as the 6th Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Malacca from June 2004 to June 2020,12th Menteri Besar of Pahang from August 1986 to May 1999,Minister of Information in the Barisan Nasional (BN) administration under former Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad from December 1999 to March 2004 and Member of Parliament (MP) for Kuantan from November 1999 to March 2004. He is a member of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO),a component party of the ruling BN coalition.
Tun Abdullah bin Mohd Salleh was the 5th Chief Secretary to the Government of Malaysia,serving as Chief Secretary from 1 October 1976 to 31 December 1978. He was appointed Chairman and Chief Executive of Petronas from 1 January 1979 and retired as the President and Chief Executive in early 1988.
Mohd Zain bin Haji Abdul Ghani was a Malaysian politician from Malacca state. He was the Chief Minister of Malacca from 14 October 1994 to 14 May 1997.
Sri Paduka Dato' Bendahara Sri Maharaja Tun Ali ibni Almarhum Dato' Bendahara Paduka Raja Tun Koris was the 23rd and the last Bendahara of Johor Sultanate,and the fourth Raja Bendahara of the Pahang Kingdom who reigned from 1806 to 1857.
Selangor Council of the Royal Court,established in 1959,serves as an advisory council to the head of Selangor state government,Sultan Sharafuddin Idris Shah Al-Haj. There are 22 members of the council,which is made up of Selangor royal family members and Selangor state officers.
Raja Temenggong Tun Daeng Ibrahim bin Temenggong Daeng Abdul Rahman was the Temenggong of Johor and later the de facto Maharaja of Johor from 1855 to 1862.
References
- https://web.archive.org/web/20060413202402/http://sejarahmalaysia.pnm.my/
- Ahmad Fauzi bin Mohd Basri,Mohd Fo'ad bin Sakdan and Azami bin Man,2004. Sejarah Tingkatan 1,Kuala Lumpur,DBP.
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