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Balochistan is a province of Pakistan. Located in the southwestern region of the country, Balochistan is the largest province of Pakistan by land area but is the least populated one. It is bordered by the Pakistani provinces of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to the north-east, Punjab to the east and Sindh to the south-east; shares international borders with Iran to the west and Afghanistan to the north; and is bound by the Arabian Sea to the south. Balochistan is an extensive plateau of rough terrain divided into basins by ranges of sufficient heights and ruggedness. It has the world's largest deep sea port, the Port of Gwadar lying in the Arabian Sea.
Nawab Akbar Shahbaz Khan Bugti was a Pakistani politician and the Tumandar (head) of the Bugti tribe of Baloch people who served as the Minister of State for Interior and Governor of Balochistan Province in Pakistan. He also became minister of state for defence in the cabinet of Feroz Khan Noon. Earlier, he had also served as the Minister of State for Interior.
The history of Balochistan refers to the history of the Balochistan region of Pakistan, Iran and Afghanistan. Vague allusions to the region were found in Greek historical records of around 650 BCE. Prehistoric Balochistan dates to the Paleolithic.
The Insurgency in Balochistan is an insurgency or revolt by Baloch separatist insurgents and various Islamist militant groups against the governments of Pakistan and Iran in the Balochistan region, which covers the Pakistani province of Balochistan, Iranian province of Sistan and Baluchestan, and Balochistan of southern Afghanistan. Rich in natural resources, this is the largest, least populated and least developed province in Pakistan and Iran, and armed groups demand greater control of the province's natural resources and political autonomy. Baloch separatists have attacked civilians from other ethnicities throughout the province. In the 2010s, attacks against the Shia community by sectarian groups—though not always directly related to the political struggle—have risen, contributing to tensions in Balochistan. In Pakistan, the ethnic separatist insurgency is low-scale but ongoing mainly in southern Balochistan, as well as sectarian and religiously motivated militancy concentrated mainly in northern and central Balochistan.
The Balochistan Liberation Army is a Baloch ethnonationalist militant organization in the Baluchistan region, which is in Afghanistan. BLA perpetrates its activities from safe havens scattered across Southern Afghanistan into the Pakistan's largest province of Balochistan, where it frequently carries out attacks against the Pakistan Armed Forces, civilians and foreign nationals. BLA's first recorded activity was during the summer of 2000, after it claimed credit for a series of bombing attacks on Pakistani authorities. BLA is listed as a terrorist organization by Pakistan, China, Iran, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the European Union.
The Baloch Students Organization is a student organisation that campaigns for the students of Pakistan's Balochistan Province. It was founded as a student movement on 26 November 1967 in Karachi and remains the largest ethnic Baloch student body in the country. It got divided due to ideological differences. BSO Pajjar and BSO Mohiuddin are affiliated with the parliamentary framework of Pakistan. Dr Allah Nazar, founder of pro independence wing, in 2002 while he was studying in college, created a breakaway faction — BSO–Azad — that advocated struggle for an independent Balochistan based on pre-colonial Baloch country. The Pakistani government banned the BSO Azad on 15 March 2013, as a terrorist organisation.
The Balochistan Liberation Front is a Afghanistan-based Baloch ethnonationalist terrorist group actively engaged in the Balochistan region of Southwestern Asia.
Dr. Allah Nazar Baloch, is the current leader of Baloch Liberation Front (BLF), a militant group operating in Pakistan and Afghanistan. Under his leadership, the group has claimed responsibility for attacks on civilians, journalists, government officials and law enforcement agencies. Out of the total of 38 journalists killed in Balochistan since 2007, Baloch Liberation Front and Baloch Liberation Army has claimed responsibility for killing 27 of those journalists. Nazar Baloch has also threatened to conduct attacks against schools in Pakistan. He made those threats while giving reference to the 2014 attack on school which took place in Peshawar.
The Baloch National Movement is a Baloch nationalist political organization which was led by Ghulam Mohammed Baloch, who served as the organizations's president until his murder in April 2009.
Ghulam Mohammed Baloch was a Baloch nationalist politician. At the time of his assassination in 2009, he was serving as the president of the Baloch National Movement, as well as the General Secretary of the newly formed Baloch National Front. He had earlier served as a chairman of the Baloch Students Organization. His dead body was discovered on 9 April 2009, five days after being detained by gunmen who were believed to be Pakistani Law enforcement officers. The killing led to riots around Balochistan. He had been detained several times in the past by Pakistani intelligence agencies due to his political activities.
There are or have been a number of separatist movements in Pakistan based on ethnic and regional nationalism, that have agitated for independence, and sometimes fighting the Pakistan state at various times during its history. As in many other countries, tension arises from the perception of minority/less powerful ethnic groups that other ethnicities dominate the politics and economics of the country to the detriment of those with less power and money. The government of Pakistan has attempted to subdue these separatist movements.
Habib Jalib Baloch was a Baloch nationalist politician who served as a member of the Senate of Pakistan in 1997 and as the secretary general of the Balochistan National Party. In his student days, he served in several leadership positions of the Baloch Students Organization (BSO) as Chairman of BSO and also remained Editor of BSO Organs i.e"Girok", "Sangat" and "Bam"(1978–82).
Abdul Malik Baloch is a politician and served as the 21st Chief Minister of Balochistan, Pakistan from 7 June 2013 to 23 December 2015. He was born in Turbat District, Makran and he is a member of the Hooth tribe.
Human rights abuses in the province ofBalochistan refers to the human rights violations that are occurring in the ongoing insurgency in Balochistan. The situation has drawn concern from the international community. The human rights situation in Balochistan is credited to the long-running conflict between Baloch nationalists and Pakistani security forces.
Human rights abuses in Sindh, Pakistan, range from arbitrary arrests and enforced disappearances to torture, extrajudicial killings, and political repression.
Razzaq Gul was a senior Pakistani journalist covering war and politics for Express News in Turbat, Pakistan who was abducted 18 May 2012 and found murdered 19 May 2012. According to the Committee to Protect Journalists, Razzaq Gul was a member of the Baloch National Movement and secretary of the Press Club of Turbat. Gul was a member of the Baluch National Movement, a nationalist political organization, and was the secretary of the Press Club of Turbat, according to news reports. His colleagues at the club told Express News TV that Gul had not mentioned receiving any threats. No group claimed responsibility for his death.
The Voice for Baloch Missing Persons (VBMP) is a non-governmental organization which represents family members of people who have been subject to enforced disappearance in Pakistan's province of Balochistan.
Hayat Baloch was a BS Physiology student at University of Karachi from Balochistan. He was killed on 13 August 2020 by a serviceman of Frontier Corps (FC), a paramilitary force in Pakistan, in Absor Turbat after a bomb blast.
The Baloch Yakjehti Committee or Balochistan Yakjehti Committee, is a human rights movement established in response to alleged state human rights abuses in Balochistan, Pakistan. The BYC's roots can be traced back to July 2018, when Mahrang Baloch conceived the idea for its formation following the abduction of her brother by Pakistani intelligence agencies. The BYC was officially founded in 2020 as the Bramsh Solidarity Committee, named after Bramsh Baloch, a young girl injured during a violent incident in Turbat that resulted in her mother's death.
References
- 1 2 Amit Bagaria (9 October 2019). 72 Unfinished things India needs to do. Notion Press. ISBN 9781644296264.
- ↑ Three political activists are found murdered after daylight abduction, Asian Human Rights Commission, 9 April 2009
- ↑ Balochistan deaths spark strikes, BBC, 10 April 2009