Radar is a detection system that uses radio waves to determine the distance (ranging), angle, and radial velocity of objects relative to the site. It can be used to detect aircraft, ships, spacecraft, guided missiles, motor vehicles, weather formations, and terrain. A radar system consists of a transmitter producing electromagnetic waves in the radio or microwaves domain, a transmitting antenna, a receiving antenna and a receiver and processor to determine properties of the objects. Radio waves from the transmitter reflect off the objects and return to the receiver, giving information about the objects' locations and speeds.
A continuous wave or continuous waveform (CW) is an electromagnetic wave of constant amplitude and frequency, typically a sine wave, that for mathematical analysis is considered to be of infinite duration. It may refer to e.g. a laser or particle accelerator having a continuous output, as opposed to a pulsed output.
An active electronically scanned array (AESA) is a type of phased array antenna, which is a computer-controlled array antenna in which the beam of radio waves can be electronically steered to point in different directions without moving the antenna. In the AESA, each antenna element is connected to a small solid-state transmit/receive module (TRM) under the control of a computer, which performs the functions of a transmitter and/or receiver for the antenna. This contrasts with a passive electronically scanned array (PESA), in which all the antenna elements are connected to a single transmitter and/or receiver through phase shifters under the control of the computer. AESA's main use is in radar, and these are known as active phased array radar (APAR).
The Type 052 (NATO/OSD Luhu-class destroyer is a class of destroyers developed in the People's Republic of China for the People's Liberation Army Navy. The Type 052 was an intermediate between the obsolescent Type 051 and the modern Type 052B destroyers. They were the first PLAN destroyers powered by gas turbines, and the first PLAN ships with modern combat direction systems. They were also part of the first generation of PLAN warships armed with surface-to-air missiles in the form of the short-range Crotale
Radar jamming and deception is a form of electronic countermeasures that intentionally sends out radio frequency signals to interfere with the operation of radar by saturating its receiver with noise or false information. Concepts that blanket the radar with signals so its display cannot be read are normally known as jamming, while systems that produce confusing or contradictory signals are known as deception, but it is also common for all such systems to be referred to as jamming.
The Type 051B destroyer is a class of destroyer built by the People's Republic of China. It consists of only one ship, Shenzhen (167). When Shenzhen was commissioned into the People's Liberation Army Navy Surface Force in 1998, it was then the largest surface combatant that China had ever built. It resembles in many ways an enlarged version of the Luhu-class destroyer, and is one of the first PLAN ships with a slope-sided hull to reduce radar signature. The Type 051B was succeeded by the domestic Type 052B destroyer, discounting the 4 Soviet-built Sovremenny-class destroyer that China purchased in the interim.
The Type 364 radar was developed by the Yangzhou Marine Electronic Instruments Research Institute (扬州船用电子仪器研究所) / No. 723 Research Institute. It is typically enclosed in a dome on new PLA-N's frigates and destroyers.
The Type 345 (MR35) fire-control radar system is used to guide the HQ-7 short-range surface-to-air missile. The system is installed on many modern, and retrofitted Chinese navy ships.
The Type 344 is a multifunctional fire control radar (FCR) developed by the Xian Research Institute of Navigation Technology (西安导航技术研究所)/XRINT/ No. 20th Research Institute.
The Type 360 is an air/surface search radar manufactured by Yangzhou Marine Electronic Instruments Research Institute (扬州船用电子仪器研究所)/ No. 723 Institute and is reportedly based on Selenia RAN-10S / SPS – 774. It is deployed on a number of new PLAN vessels, such as the Ma'anshan class frigate.
The People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) is the naval branch of the People's Liberation Army (PLA), the armed forces of the People's Republic of China. The PLAN force consists of approximately 250,000 men and over a hundred major combat vessels, organized into three fleets: the North Sea Fleet, the East Sea Fleet, and the South Sea Fleet.
The Type 362 is an air/surface search radar and was first displayed at ASIANDEX 1988 and in its original guise have only been installed on the Luhu class DDG, Luda class DDG 166 and selected Jianghu FFGs.
The Type 347G "Rice Bowl" I-band fire-control radar is found on Chinese Navy ships, in conjunction with the Type 76A dual-37mm automatic AAA gun. Typically, the system includes 2 Type 347G fire-control radar with optical director, and 4 Type 76A guns. They're used on the Luda, Luhu, Luhai, Jiangwei class surface warships, as well as the Houjian, Houxin, and Haiging class patrol boats.
The REL－6B Radar is a ground-air surveillance and guidance radar which provides long range surveillance and guidance in air defense systems made in China.
The Type 051C destroyer is a long-range air-defence guided-missile destroyer built by China in its ongoing effort to create a true blue water navy. The ship uses the hull design of the older Type 051B, but is equipped with the advanced Russian S-300FM air defence missiles systems. Currently, two ships of this class have been launched and deployed by People's Liberation Army Navy North Sea Fleet.
The AN/FPS-16 is a highly accurate ground-based monopulse single object tracking radar (SOTR), used extensively by the NASA manned space program, the U.S. Air Force and the U.S. Army. The accuracy of Radar Set AN/FPS-16 is such that the position data obtained from point-source targets has azimuth and elevation angular errors of less than 0.1 milliradian and range errors of less than 5 yards (5 m) with a signal-to-noise ratio of 20 decibels or greater.
Type 346 radar is a highly digitized, multi-function, dual-band naval active electronically scanned array (AESA) installed on Type 052C destroyers, Type 052D destroyers, Type 055 destroyers and Type 002 aircraft carriers of the PLAN. The radar is named as the Star of the Sea by its developer and it is one of the two competitors for PLAN’s SAPARS project/program. Due to its secrecy and lack of information, Type 346 radar has been frequently but erroneously confused with a Chinese fire control radar Type 348, and mistakenly identified as Type 348 by many sources. Furthermore, it is also frequently confused with and misidentified as Sea Lion series C-band phased array radars developed by another design house. Several models in the Type 346 series have been developed. When Star of the Sea was selected as the winner of SAPARS and accepted into Chinese service, it received the Chinese naval designation for the entire radar system as H/LJG-346 or Type 346 for short. The NATO reporting name for Type 346 radar is Dragon Eye.
The Type 965 radar was VHF long-range aircraft warning radar used by warships of the Royal Navy from the 1960s onwards. The Type 965M, Type 965P, Type 965Q and Type 965R were improved versions; the Type 960, 965M and 965Q used the single bedstead AKE(1) aerial, whilst the Type 965P and 965R used the double bedstead AKE(2) aerial.
OPS-11 is a two-dimensional radar manufactured by Mitsubishi Electric. It is installed as an anti-aircraft search radar on the Maritime Self-Defense Force's escort ship, and it will be the first model originally developed by Japan after World War II for this purpose. Variations include OPS-11B and OPS-11C.
Mark 63 Gun Fire Control System is a gun fire-control system made up of AN/SPG-34 radar tracker and the Mark 29 gun sight. They were usually equipped for the control of twin QF 4-inch naval gun Mk XVI and Mk.33 twin 3"/50 cal guns.
