Tyrolean Landtag

Last updated
Tyrolean Landtag
22th Tyrolean Landtag
AUT Tirol COA.svg
Established1919
Leadership
Governor
Structure
Seats36
2022 Tyrolean state election - composition chart.svg
Political groups
  •   ÖVP (14)
  •   FPÖ (7)
  •   SPÖ (7)
  •   FRITZ (2)
  •   GRÜNE (3)
  •   NEOS (2)
Length of term
5 years
Elections
Last election
25 September 2022

The Tyrolean Landtag is the assembly of the state of Tyrol, Austria. [1] [2] [3] [4]

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Innsbruck</span> Capital city of Tyrol, Austria

Innsbruck is the capital of Tyrol and the fifth-largest city in Austria. On the River Inn, at its junction with the Wipp Valley, which provides access to the Brenner Pass 30 km (19 mi) to the south, it had a population of 132,493 in 2018.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tyrol (federal state)</span> Austrian federal state

Tyrol is an Austrian federal state. It comprises the Austrian part of the historical Princely County of Tyrol. It is a constituent part of the present-day Euroregion Tyrol–South Tyrol–Trentino. The capital of Tyrol is Innsbruck.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of Tyrol</span>

The history of Tyrol, a historical region in the middle alpine area of Central Europe, dates back to early human settlements at the end of the last glacier period, around 12,000 BC. Sedentary settlements of farmers and herders can be traced back to 5000 BC. Many of the main and side valleys were settled during the early Bronze Age, from 1800 to 1300 BC. From these settlements, two prominent cultures emerged: the Laugen-Melaun culture in the Bronze Age, and the Fritzens-Sanzeno culture in the Iron Age.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">South Tyrol</span> Autonomous province of Italy

South Tyrol is an autonomous province in northern Italy. An English translation of the official German and Italian names could be the Autonomous Province of Bolzano – South Tyrol, reflecting the multilingualism and different naming conventions in the area. Together with the autonomous province of Trento, South Tyrol forms the autonomous region of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol. The province is the northernmost of Italy, the second largest with an area of 7,400 square kilometres (2,857 sq mi), and has a total population of about 534,000 inhabitants as of 2021. Its capital and largest city is Bolzano.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bolzano</span> Capital city of the province of South Tyrol, Northern Italy

Bolzano is the capital city of the province of South Tyrol, in Northern Italy. With a population of 108,245, Bolzano is also by far the largest city in South Tyrol and the third largest in historical Tyrol. The greater metro area has about 250,000 inhabitants and is one of the urban centers within the Alps.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bolzano Victory Monument</span> Monument in Bolzano, northernmost Italy

The Victory Monument is a monument in Bolzano, northernmost Italy, erected on the personal orders of Benito Mussolini in South Tyrol, which had been annexed from Austria after World War I. The 19 metre wide Victory Gate was designed by architect Marcello Piacentini and substituted the former Austrian Kaiserjäger monument, torn down in 1926–27. Its construction in Fascist style, displaying lictorial pillars, was dedicated to the "Martyrs of World War I".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">South Tyrol Option Agreement</span> 1939 German-Italian agreement

The South Tyrol Option Agreement was an agreement in effect between 1939 and 1943, when the native German and Ladin-speaking people in South Tyrol and several other municipalities of northern Italy, which had belonged to Austria before WWI, were given the option of either emigrating to neighboring Nazi Germany or remaining in Fascist Italy, where the German minority was subjected to repressive Italianization efforts.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of South Tyrol</span>

Modern-day South Tyrol, an autonomous Italian province created in 1948, was part of the Austro-Hungarian County of Tyrol until 1918. It was annexed by Italy following the defeat of the Central Powers in World War I. It has been part of a cross-border joint entity, the Euroregion Tyrol-South Tyrol-Trentino, since 2001.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Republic of German-Austria</span> Rump state in Central Europe (1918–1919)

The Republic of German-Austria and German-Austria was an unrecognised state that was created following World War I as an initial rump state for areas with a predominantly German-speaking and ethnic German population within what had been the Austro-Hungarian Empire, with plans for eventual unification with Germany. The territories covered an area of 118,311 km2 (45,680 sq mi), with 10.4 million inhabitants.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tyrolean hat</span> Type of hat from the Alps

The Tyrolean hat, also Tyrolese hat, Bavarian hat or Alpine hat, is a type of headwear that originally came from the Tyrol in the Alps, in what is now part of Austria, Germany, Italy and Switzerland. It is an essential and distinctive element of the local folk costume, or tracht.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battles of Bergisel</span> 1809 battles of the Tyrolean Rebellion

The Battles of Bergisel were four battles fought between Tyrolese civilian militiamen and a contingent of Austrian government troops and the military forces of Emperor Napoleon I of France and King of Kingdom of Bavaria against at the Bergisel hill near Innsbruck. The battles, which occurred on 25 May, 29 May, 13 August, and 1 November 1809, were part of the Tyrolean Rebellion and the War of the Fifth Coalition.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Matrei in Osttirol</span> Place in Tyrol, Austria

Matrei in Osttirol is a market town in the Lienz District in the Austrian state of Tyrol. It is situated about 29 km (18 mi) north of Lienz within the Hohe Tauern mountain range of the Central Eastern Alps. Its municipal area comprises parts of the Granatspitze Group and the Venediger Group, with the Großvenediger peak as its highest point. The population largely depends on tourism, seasonal agriculture and forestry.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">South Tyrolean Freedom</span> Political party in Italy

South Tyrolean Freedom is a regionalist, separatist and national-conservative political party in South Tyrol, Italy. The party, which is part of the South Tyrolean independence movement, seeks to represent the German-speaking population and proposes the secession of South Tyrol from Italy and its reunification with the State of Tyrol within Austria.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Politics of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol</span> Politice of region of Italy

The Politics of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democracy, whereby the President of Regional Government is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the Regional Government and Legislative power is vested in both the government and the Regional Council. However, since a constitutional reform in 1972, almost all the executive and legislative powers are devolved to the two provinces of which the region is composed: Trentino and the South Tyrol.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Italianization of South Tyrol</span> 1920s–1940s Italian government policy

In 1919, at the time of its annexation, the middle part of the County of Tyrol which is today called South Tyrol was inhabited by almost 90% German speakers. Under the 1939 South Tyrol Option Agreement, Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini determined the status of the German and Ladin (Rhaeto-Romanic) ethnic groups living in the region. They could emigrate to Germany, or stay in Italy and accept their complete Italianization. As a consequence of this, the society of South Tyrol was deeply riven. Those who wanted to stay, the so-called Dableiber, were condemned as traitors while those who left (Optanten) were defamed as Nazis. Because of the outbreak of World War II, this agreement was never fully implemented. Illegal Katakombenschulen were set up to teach children the German language.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tyrolean Rebellion</span> 1809 resistance of Tyrolean civilians against Napoleon

The Tyrolean Rebellion is a name given to the resistance of militiamen, peasants, craftsmen and other civilians of the County of Tyrol led by Andreas Hofer supported by his wife Anna and a strategic council consisting of Josef Speckbacher, Peter Mayr, Capuchin Father Joachim Haspinger, Major Martin Teimer and Kajetan Sveth, against new legislation and a compulsory vaccination programme concerning smallpox ordered by King Maximilian I of Bavaria, followed by the military occupation of their homeland by troops organised and financed by Napoleon I of the First French Empire and Maximilian I. The broader military context is called the War of the Fifth Coalition.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tyrol</span> Region across the Alps

Tyrol is a historical region in the Alps of Northern Italy and western Austria. The area was historically the core of the County of Tyrol, part of the Holy Roman Empire, Austrian Empire and Austria-Hungary, from its formation in the 12th century until 1919. In 1919, following World War I and the dissolution of Austria-Hungary, it was divided into two modern administrative parts through the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye:

The South Tyrolean Unterland or Bozen Unterland is a section of the Etschtal valley stretching from the regional capital Bolzano (Bozen) down the Adige (Etsch) river to Tramin and Salorno (Salurn). The area is known for its history, particularly regarding Rhaetic, Roman, and Germanic archaeological sites; its bilingualism, and its viticulture; the Gewürztraminer grape originated here.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">German nationalism in Austria</span> Overview of German nationalism in Austria

German nationalism is a political ideology and historical current in Austrian politics. It arose in the 19th century as a nationalist movement amongst the German-speaking population of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. It favours close ties with Germany, which it views as the nation-state for all ethnic Germans, and the possibility of the incorporation of Austria into a Greater Germany.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">South Tyrolean independence movement</span> Secessionist movement in Italy

The South Tyrolean independence movement is a political movement in the Italian autonomous province of South Tyrol that calls for the secession of the region from Italy and its reunification with the State of Tyrol, Austria. Concurrently, some groups favor the establishment of an interim Free State of South Tyrol as a sovereign nation while reintegration is organized.

References

  1. Speed, Johnathon (2023). "Pious guardians: The Swabian Children Association and public welfare in the Tyrolean Alps, 1891–1915". Citizenship, Migration and Social Rights. Routledge. ISBN   978-1-003-26126-1.
  2. Berg, Matthew Paul (1998). "Schmutz, Schund and Sittliche Gefährdung: The Politics of Children's Morality Legislation in Early Postwar Austria". German Studies Review. 21 (3): 447–467. doi:10.2307/1431231. ISSN   0149-7952.
  3. Riedmann, Josef (28 July 2020). "The Participation of the Tyrolean Peasantry in the Government of the Country: Theory – Reality – Ideology". Peasants, Lords, and State: Comparing Peasant Conditions in Scandinavia and the Eastern Alpine Region, 1000-1750. Brill. pp. 219–229. ISBN   978-90-04-43345-8.
  4. Cole, Laurence; Heiss, Hans (2007). "'Unity Versus Difference': The Politics of Region-building and National Identities in Tyrol, 1830–67". Different Paths to the Nation: Regional and National Identities in Central Europe and Italy, 1830–70. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 37–59. ISBN   978-0-230-80142-4.