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Phalacrocoracidae is a family of approximately 40 species of aquatic birds commonly known as cormorants and shags. Several different classifications of the family have been proposed, but in 2021 the IOC adopted a consensus taxonomy of seven genera. The great cormorant and the common shag are the only two species of the family commonly encountered in Britain and Ireland and "cormorant" and "shag" appellations have been later assigned to different species in the family somewhat haphazardly.
Cormorant fishing is a traditional fishing technique in which fishermen use trained cormorants to catch fish in rivers. Historically, cormorant fishing has taken place in Japan and China, as well as Greece, North Macedonia, and briefly, England and France. It is first attested as a method used by the ancient Japanese in the Book of Sui, the official history of the Sui Dynasty of China, completed in 636 CE. Though cormorant fishing once was a successful enterprise, its primary use today is to serve the tourism industry. This artisan fishing method is no longer used anywhere except southwestern China, where it is also under threat from competition from more modern methods.
Atsumori is a Japanese Noh play by Zeami Motokiyo which focuses on Taira no Atsumori, a young samurai who was killed in the Genpei War, and his killer, Kumagai Naozane. Atsumori's death is portrayed tragically in the Heike monogatari, from which this and many other works stem.
Matsukaze is a play of the third category, the woman's mode, by Kan'ami, revised by Zeami Motokiyo. One of the most highly regarded of Noh plays, it is mentioned more than any other in Zeami's own writings, and is depicted numerous times in the visual arts.
Aoi no Ue is a Muromachi period Japanese Noh play based on the character Lady Aoi from the Heian period novel The Tale of Genji. It is an example of the fourth category of "miscellaneous" Noh plays. Aoi no Ue was the first of many Noh plays based on The Tale of Genji. It is sometimes attributed to Zeami Motokiyo or to his son-in-law Zenchiku; the extant version of the text is likely a reworking of a version written for the troupe of a contemporary, Inuō.
Ikuta Atsumori (生田敦盛), sometimes known simply as Ikuta, is one of many Noh plays derived from the story of Taira no Atsumori, a young Taira clan samurai who was killed in the 1184 battle of Ichi-no-Tani. Taking place largely at Ikuta Shrine, near the scene of the battle, it centers on Atsumori's fictional son, who seeks to meet his father's ghost.
Cormorant fishing on the Nagara River has played a vital role in the history of the city of Gifu, Gifu Prefecture, Japan. Throughout its long history, it evolved from a means to live, to a profitable industry, to a major tourist draw. It runs from May 11 to October 15 of each year.
Shunkan (俊寛) is a Noh play, which was traditionally attributed to Zeami, but is now ascribed either to his son-in-law Zenchiku or his son Motomasa.
Aya no Tsuzumi is a Japanese Noh play by an unknown author, written in the 15th century.
Eguchi (江口) is a Noh play of the third category, written by Zeami, around a fragment by Kan'ami. The play combines two legends, one related of the holy man Shōkū and the other related of the monk Saigyō:.
[[File:Maan van de grafsteen Sotoba no tsuki Honderd aspecten van de maan (serietitel) Tsuki hyakushi, RP-P-2008-186.jpg|thumb|The aged Komachi rests upon the Sotōba]]
Benkei on the Bridge is a Japanese Noh play from the 15th century, by Hiyoshi Sa-ami Yasukiyo.
The Priest and the Willow is a Noh play based on the experiences of the 12th-century poet and travelling-monk Saigyō.
Haku Rakuten (白楽天) is a Noh play in the first category by Zeami Motokiyo, about the Japanese god of poetry repelling the Chinese poet Bai Juyi from Japan 500 years earlier, in defiance of the (perceived) challenge from China to the autonomy of Japanese poetry.
Take no Yuki is a Noh play by Seami.
Torioi or Torioi-bune is a Noh play of the fourth category, probably from the 16th century, and possibly by Kongō Yagorō.
Kumasaka is a Noh play from the 15th century attributed by Arthur Waley to Zenchiku Ujinobu, about the notable Heian period bandit Kumasaka no Chohan.
Kayoi Komachi (通小町) or Shii no Shōshō is a Noh play by Kan'ami Kiyotsugu, about the legend of the famous poetess Ono no Komachi.
Miidera was a Noh play centred around a mad woman, and her search for her son at the temple complex of Mii-dera near Kyoto.
Tamakazura is a Noh play based upon the Tale of Genji and centered around the character generally known by that name, who was the daughter of Lady Moonflower.
References
- ↑ Kunio Konparu, The Noh Theater (2005) p. 356
- ↑ Ukai (Cormorant fishing)
- ↑ Ukai (Cormorant fishing)
- ↑ A Waley, The Noh Plays of Japan (1976) p. 106
- ↑ A Waley, The Noh Plays of Japan (1976) p. 107
- ↑ A Waley, The Noh Plays of Japan (1976) p. 238
- ↑ R H Blyth, A History of Haiku Vol I (Tokyo 1963) p. 244