The United States Eventing Association (USEA) is the organization responsible for organizing, promoting and adjudicating equestrian eventing in the United States. Formerly known as the United States Combined Training Association, the USEA is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization.
The association has approximately 13,000 members and organizes around 250 competitions annually, which garner almost 44,000 entries. [1] The USEA works in association with the United States Equestrian Team Foundation and United States Equestrian Federation.
The USEA was founded as the United States Combined Training Association in 1959, as the governing body for the sport of combined training, more commonly known as eventing, in the United States of America. In 2001 the organization's name was changed to the United States Eventing Association. [1] It was formed to promote the sport of eventing throughout the country, from the beginner novice to the advanced level. [2] It set rules to protect the safety of the competitors, both human and equine, and those requiring the humane treatment of the horses. The USEA is also responsible for organizing clinics and educational opportunities, registering events that met their qualifications, and assisting in training opportunities for the best competitors in the country.
The USEA is broken down into 10 different regions called Areas. [3] Each Area has its own governing body that is elected by the registered rides and constituents of the area. These governing bodies help to set the show schedules, run the local Adult and Young Rider Programs, and host annual meetings.
Area I • Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Rhode Island, and Vermont
Area II • New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware, Virginia, and North Carolina
Area III • Tennessee, South Carolina, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, and Florida
Area IV • Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota, and Wisconsin
Area V • Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas
Area VI • California and Hawaii
Area VII • Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Montana, and Alaska
Area VIII • Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, Ohio, and West Virginia
Area IX • Colorado, Wyoming, Utah, and South Dakota
Area X • Arizona, New Mexico, and Nevada
The USEA encourages riders under 25 years of age to participate in the Young Rider Program. The program seeks to promote a love of the spot as well as true horsemanship and a strong set of values as the riders grow into mature adults. The program is divided into the above areas and each area is run by volunteers. Camps, clinics, and seminars are offered to help train the next generation of the sport. [4]
Induction into the United States Eventing Association's Eventing Hall of Fame is the highest honor awarded within the sport of eventing in the United States. Those inducted into the USEA's Eventing Hall of Fame have truly made a difference in the sport of eventing. Inductees have included past Association presidents, volunteers, riders, founding fathers, course designers, officials, organizers, horses, horse owners, and coaches. [5]
The USEA has been criticized for a lack of transparency following the deaths in 2019 and 2020 of several riders who were either competing at recognized events or cross country schooling horses for competitions. [6] In other countries, formal inquiries into the deaths of eventing riders have been released to the general public, as in the case of Australian young riders Olivia Inglis and Caitlyn Fischer. [7] [8] In contrast, no formal investigative document pertaining to the deaths of Katharine Morel, or Jeffie Chapin, or Philippa Humphreys has been released on the USEA website as of January 2021.
The USEA, the FEI, and other governing bodies maintain databases of fall related data, but these databases are not released to the membership or general public. The USEA has its database analyzed by the EquiRatings Company. [9] The statistics related to individual horses are unavailable to prospective buyers of a horse wishing to access the horse's safety record as are the ratings of professional riders whom amateurs may hire for instruction: "At this time, only USEA Online Services accounts associated with a horse can view the ERQI. You will need to add yourself as a rider or owner to the horse’s record to make this available to you."
The USEA website as of 2021 includes a link to the FEI Eventing Risk Management Report covering 2008–2019, [10] but does not include yearly reports of the US data alone. In contrast, in the UK, the British Eventing governing body [11] has maintained a safety database since 2001: "In 2001, British Eventing began a database of fall data. The database system was created and is analyzed annually by Transport Research Laboratory (TRL) at Wokingham. TRL has been around for over 70 years and is known for its expertise in motor vehicle safety in which similar database approaches are useful. TRL works on projects ranging from helmets for race car drivers to seat belts for passenger vehicles. The British database holds data including fence, fall, and medical/injury details. Annually, TRL releases a report of the data before the next eventing season begins." [12]
Criticisms of the dangers of the sport in 2020 and 2019 echo concerns from the previous decade over 10 riders were killed competing worldwide between 2007 and 2008. [13]
Dressage is a form of horse riding performed in exhibition and competition, as well as an art sometimes pursued solely for the sake of mastery. As an equestrian sport defined by the International Equestrian Federation, dressage is described as "the highest expression of horse training" where "horse and rider are expected to perform from memory a series of predetermined movements.".
Eventing is an equestrian event where a single horse and rider combine and compete against other competitors across the three disciplines of dressage, cross-country, and show jumping. This event has its roots in a comprehensive cavalry test that required mastery of several types of riding. The competition may be run as a one-day event (ODE), where all three events are completed in one day or a three-day event (3DE), which is more commonly now run over four days, with dressage on the first two days, followed by cross-country the next day and then show jumping in reverse order on the final day. Eventing was previously known as Combined Training, and the name persists in many smaller organizations. The term "Combined Training" is sometimes confused with the term "Combined Test", which refers to a combination of just two of the phases, most commonly dressage and show jumping.
A horse show is a judged exhibition of horses and ponies. Many different horse breeds and equestrian disciplines hold competitions worldwide, from local to the international levels. Most horse shows run from one to three days, sometimes longer for major, all-breed events or national and international championships in a given discipline or breed. Most shows consist of a series of different performances, called classes, wherein a group of horses with similar training or characteristics compete against one another for awards and, often, prize money.
David John O'Connor is a retired equestrian who represented the United States in the sport of three-day eventing. He competed in two Olympic Games, winning a team silver at the 1996 Summer Olympics and an individual gold and team bronze at the 2000 Summer Olympics. At the 1999 Pan American Games, O'Connor took an individual silver and team gold and at the 2002 World Equestrian Games he assisted the US team to gold. After his retirement from competition in 2004, he became involved in the administrative side of international eventing. O'Connor has held top coaching roles for the US and Canadian national eventing teams, and was president of the United States Equestrian Federation from 2004 to 2012. During his career, O'Connor and his horses were awarded many honors, including equestrian and horse of the year awards from several organizations. In 2009, he was inducted to the United States Eventing Association's Hall of Fame, and two of his horses have been granted the same honor. O'Connor is married to fellow international event rider Karen O'Connor, and the pair operate two equestrian training facilities in the eastern United States.
Equestrian vaulting, or simply vaulting, is most often described as gymnastics and dance on horseback, which can be practiced both competitively or non-competitively. Vaulting has a history as an equestrian act at circuses, but its origins stretch back at least two-thousand years. It is open to both men and women and is one of ten equestrian disciplines recognized by the International Federation for Equestrian Sports. Therapeutic or interactive vaulting is also used as an activity for children and adults who may have balance, attention, gross motor skill or social deficits.
The United States Equestrian Federation is the national governing body for most equestrian sports in the United States. It began on January 20, 1917, as the Association of American Horse Shows, later changed to the American Horse Shows Association (AHSA). In 2001, the organization changed its name to USA Equestrian (USAE) and, in 2003 it merged with the United States Equestrian Team (USET). In 2017, USEF rebranded as US Equestrian. In 2019, USEF outsourced its laboratory services to the University of Kentucky.
Karen Lende O'Connor is an American equestrian who competes in three-day eventing. Although she did not come from a family of equestrians, her interest in horses started at an early age, and she received her first horse for her 11th birthday. O'Connor began competing internationally in the late 1970s, and in 1986 began riding for the US national eventing team. Since then, she had ridden in five Olympic Games, three World Equestrian Games and two Pan-American Games, winning multiple medals, including a team silver at the 1996 Olympic Games and a team bronze at the 2000 Olympic Games. She has also posted numerous wins and top-10 finishes at other international events. As of 2013, O'Connor is not competing, having suffered fractures to two thoracic vertebrae during a fall at a competition in October 2012.
James Cunningham Wofford was an American equestrian who competed in many international competitions in the sport of eventing. He was most known as a trainer of both horses and riders, and as a retired president of the AHSA and vice-president of the USET.
The Concours Complet International (CCI) is the competition rating for the equestrian sport of eventing, given by the international governing body for the sport, the FEI. The rating system was recently changed, effective January 1, 2019.
An equestrian helmet is a form of protective headgear worn when riding horses. This type of helmet is specially designed to protect the rider's head in the event of falls from a horse, especially from striking a hard object while falling or being accidentally struck in the head by a horse's hoof.
Phillip Peter Dutton, OAM is an Australian-born Olympic-level equestrian rider competing in eventing for the United States of America. He is a dual Olympic gold medalist who formerly competed for his country of birth but now competes for the USA.
The Red Hills Horse Trials is held in Tallahassee, in the U.S. state of Florida and is one of the equestrian world's top events. It is an annual major eventing competition held by the United States Eventing Association, Area III and the 16th event held in Area III consisting of Dressage, Cross-country, and Show jumping.
Horse Sport Ireland is the National Governing Body for all equestrian sport in Ireland and Northern Ireland. It is a 32-county body, and is therefore responsible for the administration of international competitions throughout the whole island. It also sanctions all Irish riders and horses competing abroad at international events, and implements the rules and regulations laid down by the FEI. Horse Sport Ireland is composed of 15 Irish affiliate bodies, representing all facets of equestrian sport, and is also responsible for liaison with the Irish Sports Council, the Olympic Council of Ireland, the National Coaching and Training centre, the Department of Arts, Sport and Tourism, and other government agencies. These sports include the FEI recognized disciplines of show jumping, eventing, dressage, endurance riding, para-equestrian and carriage driving. Horse Sport Ireland also provides a forum to bring member organisations together to discuss common issues, and it sanctions all international events in Ireland.
Equestrian Canada, formerly known as Equine Canada and commonly known by its acronym, EC, is Canada’s comprehensive national governing body for equestrian sport. It is the executive branch of Canada's Olympic and Paralympic equestrian teams; the national association and registry of Canadian equestrian athletes; the national regulatory body for equestrian coaches, competition organizers, and judges; and the national federation of Canadian horse breeders and Canadian breed registries.
Jack Louis Joseph Marie Le Goff was a French equestrian, best known as the coach of the American three-day eventing team from 1970 to 1984. He coached the team to multiple international championships, winning 18 international medals, including several in the Olympics. Le Goff is known for having a large impact on the American eventing world, and the era in which he coached has been called the golden era for American equestrianism.
Para-equestrian is an equestrian sport governed by the International Federation for Equestrian Sports (FEI), and includes two competitive events: One is para-equestrian dressage, which is conducted under the same basic rules as conventional dressage, but with riders divided into different competition grades based on their functional abilities. The other is para-equestrian driving, which operates under the same basic rules as combined driving but places competitors in various grades based on their functional abilities.
The Canadian Equestrian Team or CET collectively describes the athletes that represent Canada at the highest levels of international equestrian competition, specifically at the World Championship, Olympic, and Paralympic levels.
Denny Emerson is an American equestrian. He is the only equestrian to have won both an international gold medal in eventing and a Tevis Cup buckle in endurance. In 1972, Emerson was named United States Eventing Association's Rider of the Year. He was a member of the United States Three Day Eventing Team that won the gold medal at the 1974 Eventing World Championships. As of 2015, Emerson operates as a clinician and trainer. He is a regular contributor to The Chronicle of the Horse's "Between Rounds" column. He and his wife, May Emerson, run Tamarack Hill Farms in Strafford, Vermont and Southern Pines, North Carolina.
Rotational falls occur when a horse falls in such a manner as to somersault before landing on its back. It is of particular concern in the sport of eventing, especially in the cross-country phase of the competition. These falls can cause grave injuries and in the past have resulted in fatalities; such fatalities have spiked in recent years, prompting investigations and movements worldwide to increase the safety for participants.
USEF, USEA, can you hear us? Are you investigating? Are you looking into these deaths behind closed doors? Is our sport learning anything from these deaths? And if we are, will you please let us also learn?
Every USEA registered horse who has competed in the last five years will be assigned an ERQI based on the analysis of performance results from the last 10 years. ERQIs are generated using the results supplied by USEA to EquiRatings. EquiRatings' algorithms assign values to every outcome in the cross-country phase. The ERQI value also takes into account the level at which a horse is competing, and the level of performance displayed by all of those who competed in the same class.
The sport has claimed a spot in Olympic competition since 1912, yet its risks have been a point of ongoing controversy. Unusually deadly periods of rider deaths worldwide, including 12 in a year-and-a-half between 2007 and 2008, caused even those at the heart of the sport to voice ambivalence about its hazards.