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Product liability is the area of law in which manufacturers, distributors, suppliers, retailers, and others who make products available to the public are held responsible for the injuries those products cause. Although the word "product" has broad connotations, product liability as an area of law is traditionally limited to products in the form of tangible personal property.
The Church of Scientology has been involved in court disputes in several countries. In some cases, when the Church has initiated the dispute, questions have been raised as to its motives. The Church of Scientology says that its use of the legal system is necessary to protect its intellectual property and its right to freedom of religion. Critics say that most of the organization's legal claims are designed to harass those who criticize it and its manipulative business practices.
In English civil litigation, costs are the lawyers' fees and disbursements of the parties.
In the United States, bankruptcy is largely governed by federal law, commonly referred to as the "Bankruptcy Code" ("Code"). The United States Constitution authorizes Congress to enact "uniform Laws on the subject of Bankruptcies throughout the United States". Congress has exercised this authority several times since 1801, including through adoption of the Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978, as amended, codified in Title 11 of the United States Code and the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005 (BAPCPA).
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English civil procedure shares much in common with the civil law systems of other common law countries.
References
- 1 2 "Her Majesty's Court Service web site". Archived from the original on 2008-06-10. Retrieved 2008-05-05.
- ↑ Pakistani courts' official web site
- ↑ Woolf Report, search for "unspecified claim".
- ↑ Her Majesty's Revenue & Customs web site
- ↑ David D. Siegel, ed., New York State Law Digest, No. 568, April 2007, at 1.
- ↑ N.Y. Civil Practice Law and Rules (CPLR) section 3017 (c).
- ↑ D. Siegel, ed., New York State Law Digest, No. 568, April 2007, at 1, citing Kolnacki v. State, 8 N.Y.3d 277 (2007), pdf file at .
