Telecommunications in Belarus involves the availability and use of electronic devices and services, such as the telephone, television, radio or computer, for the purpose of communication.
Censorship and the issue of media freedom in Russia have been main themes since the era of the telegraph. Radio was a major new technology in the 1920s, when the Communists had recently come to power. Soviet authorities realized that the "ham" operator was highly individualistic and encouraged private initiative– too much so for the totalitarian regime. Criminal penalties were imposed but the working solution was to avoid broadcasting over the air. Instead radio programs were transmitted by copper wire, using a hub and spoke system, to loudspeakers in approved listening stations, such as the "Red" corner of a factory. Due to the enormous size of the country Russia today leads in the number of TV broadcast stations and repeaters. There were few channels in the Soviet time, but in the past two decades many new state-run and private-owned radio stations and TV channels appeared.
This article is about telecommunications systems in Armenia.
Beeline, earlier Bee Line GSM is a telecommunications brand by company PJSC VimpelCom, founded in Russia.
CenterTelecom was a fixed-wire telecommunications service provider and Internet service provider in Russia. It was ranked 5th among Russian telecom companies, after Rostelecom, MTS, Vympelcom and MegaFon. 50.69% of Centertelecom's voting stock was held by the Svyazinvest Holding Company. CenterTelecom was listed on the MICEX and RTS stock exchanges under the symbol ESMO.
Sibirtelecom, a former subsidiary of Svyazinvest Holding Company, is a regional telecommunications and Internet service provider in Siberia. It is responsible for providing service to over 29% of Russia's territory.
OJSC Svyazinvest was Russia's largest telecommunications holding company. Based in Moscow, it was founded according to Order №1297 of the Russian government on November 25, 1994, and was registered on September 18, 1995. It was an entirely state-owned company until but some shares were privatized in the late 1990s. Its operation including brand and subsidiaireis were fully incorporated to Rostelecom, the former long-distance telephony monopoly. In late September 2013 Rostelecom completed the final stage of its reorganization, under which state-run telecom holding Svyazinvest and 20 other firms were integrated into Rostelecom. The government's combined common stake in the merged company amounted to 51.12% after the reorganization.
OJSC Dalsvyaz is a telecommunications service provider active in the Russian Far East. It is part of Svyazinvest Holdings, which is Russia's largest telecommunications holding company, and which owns many large regional telecommunications service providers in Russia.
Rostelecom is Russia's leading long-distance telephone provider. Domestic long-distance service provides about 50% of the company's revenue; and international long-distance calls provide about 25%.
VolgaTelecom is one of the Russian telecommunications companies that were formed after the Svyaz'invest Company in Moscow decided to reorganise 72 different regional service providers into seven large interregional companies.
North West Telecom is part of Rostelecom, providing telecommunications service to northwest Russia.
Southern Telecom is a Svyazinvest company providing coverage to the Southern Federal District of Russia. The company was formed in 2001 by the merger of 9 large telecommunications companies into the extant Kubanelectrosvyaz OJSC in Krasnodar:
A public joint-stock company, abbreviated PJSC or open joint-stock company, abbreviated OJSC, is a type of company in many successor states of the Soviet Union, in particular in Russia. Its distinguishing feature is the right of stockholders to trade in stocks without the permission of other stockholders.
Giprosvyaz is a Russian institute for design of structures for communications. Its current legal status is open joint stock company, OJSC Giprosvyaz. The name is an abbreviation of the full name of the former Soviet institute: State Institute on Surveying and Design of Communications Structures The majority of the shares are held by Rostelecom, Russia's largest telecommunications company.
Television is the most popular medium in Russia, with 74% of the population watching national television channels routinely and 59% routinely watching regional channels. There are 3300 television channels in total. Before going digital television, 3 channels have a nationwide outreach : Channel One, Russia-1 and NTV.
PJSC VimpelCom is a Russian telecommunications company started in 1992 when its co-founders, Dr. Dmitry Zimin and Augie K. Fabela II came together to pioneer the Russian mobile industry. Augie Fabela, who was then a young entrepreneur from the US, and Dr. Zimin who was a Russian scientist in his 50s, together launched the Beeline brand.
Vladimir Borisovich Bulgak is a Russian engineer, bureaucrat and politician. He served in different capacities in various cabinets of Russia, including deputy prime minister.
TransTelecom is a major telecommunications company in Russia that owns one of the largest networks in the world of fiber optical cables. The company is a full subsidiary of Russian national railway operator, Russian Railways. TTK has been actively connected broadband users in the retail market since early 2011. Since then, their number has grown by almost 10 times, and in 2014 the company intends to go abroad to 2 million users. The company's strategy stipulates that by the end of 2015 it will serve 2.3 million broadband subscribers. Community market, which the company aims at are settlements with less than 100,000 people, and they accounted for almost 40% of all connections.
National Cable Networks was a Russian company which provides Pay-TV. It was fully owned by Rostelecom, and headquartered in Moscow. The company merged with Rostelecom in 2013.
Tele2 Russia is a Russian telecommunications company originally founded by Swedish Tele2. It has been operating since 2003. Since 2020, Tele2 Russia is a wholly owned subsidiary of Rostelecom. At year-end 2019, Tele2 Russia provides wireless services to more than 44.6 million subscribers.
US$ 1.3 Billion (2008)
