Usul al-Sama

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Usul al-Sama is a treatise written by Khwaja Fakhr al-din Zarradi, a sufi saint and disciple of Nizamuddin Auliya in Persian language. [1] [2] [3] The book is based on the Usul of Sama, a sufi gathering. [4] He proved the use of some musical instruments are not Haram under the Shariah. [5] [6] The book has been translated into Arabic, Urdu, Hindi and English languages. [7] It is known that Zarradi written two treaties on the matter of Sama, but only one exists till today. [8]

References

  1. ↑ Nizami, Khaliq Ahmad (1991). The Life and Times of Shaikh Nizam-u'd-din Auliya. Idarah-i Adabyat-i Delli. pp. 69, 158, 162.
  2. ↑ Latif, Shaikh Abdul (1980). "Maulana Fakhruddin Zarradi, an Eminent Scholar and Critic of Muhammad Bin Tughluq". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 41: 405–412. ISSN   2249-1937.
  3. ↑ Foundation, Encyclopaedia Iranica. "FAḴR-al-DĪN ZARRĀDĪ, MAWLĀNĀ". iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 2025-02-11.
  4. ↑ Ghani, Kashshaf (2023-12-29), Ghani, Kashshaf (ed.), "Defending the Practice of Audition: Maulana Fakhr al-Din Zarradi's Usul al Sama", Sufi Rituals and Practices: Experiences from South Asia, 1200-1450, Oxford University Press, p. 0, ISBN   978-0-19-288922-5 , retrieved 2025-02-11
  5. ↑ Aquil, Raziuddin (2020-11-12). Days in the Life of a Sufi: 101 Enchanting Stories of Wisdom. Pan Macmillan. pp. 79–81. ISBN   978-93-89109-44-3.
  6. ↑ Singh, Surinder (2023). Situating Medieval India: Polity, Society and Culture. Boydell & Brewer. p. 267. ISBN   978-1-83765-125-2.
  7. ↑ Irwin, Joyce L. (1983). Sacred Sound: Music in Religious Thought and Practice. Scholars Press. pp. 97–102. ISBN   978-0-89130-655-9.
  8. ↑ Congress, Indian History (1980). Proceedings. Indian History Congress. p. 408.
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