The history of ancient Greek coinage can be divided into four periods:the Archaic,the Classical,the Hellenistic and the Roman. The Archaic period extends from the introduction of coinage to the Greek world during the 7th century BC until the Persian Wars in about 480 BC. The Classical period then began,and lasted until the conquests of Alexander the Great in about 330 BC,which began the Hellenistic period,extending until the Roman absorption of the Greek world in the 1st century BC. The Greek cities continued to produce their own coins for several more centuries under Roman rule. The coins produced during this period are called Roman provincial coins or Greek Imperial Coins.
Charles Edward Barber was an American coin engraver who served as the sixth chief engraver of the United States Mint from 1879 until his death in 1917. He had a long and fruitful career in coinage,designing most of the coins produced at the mint during his time as chief engraver. He did full coin designs,and he designed about 30 medals in his lifetime. The Barber coinage were named after him. In addition,Barber designed a number of commemorative coins,some in partnership with assistant engraver George T. Morgan. For the popular Columbian half dollar,and the Panama-Pacific half dollar and quarter eagle,Barber designed the obverse and Morgan the reverse. Barber also designed the 1883 coins for the Kingdom of Hawaii,and also Cuban coinage of 1915. Barber's design on the Cuba 5 centavo coin remained in use until 1961.
The American Numismatic Society (ANS) is a New York City-based organization dedicated to the study of coins,money,medals,tokens,and related objects. Founded in 1858,it is the only American museum devoted exclusively to their preservation and study. Its collection encompasses nearly one million items,including medals and paper money,as well as the world's most comprehensive library of numismatic literature. The current President of the Society,Dr. Ute Wartenberg,served as the Executive Director for two decades and was succeeded in this role by Dr. Gilles Bransbourg.
The Citizens Coinage Advisory Committee was established in 2003 to advise the United States Secretary of the Treasury on the themes and designs of all US coins and medals. The CCAC serves as an informed,experienced and impartial resource to the Secretary of the Treasury and represents the interests of American citizens and collectors.
Professor Ya'akov Meshorer was the Chief Curator for archaeology at the Israel Museum in Jerusalem and a prominent Israeli numismatist.
The Treasure Valuation Committee (TVC) is an advisory non-departmental public body of the Department for Culture,Media and Sport (DCMS) based in London,which offers expert advice to the government on items of declared treasure in England,Wales,and Northern Ireland that museums there may wish to acquire from the Crown.
Eric Pfeiffer Newman was an American numismatist. He wrote several "works about early American coins and paper money considered the standards on their subjects",as well as hundreds of articles. Newman sold his coins over auctions in 2013–2014 for over $70 million and used most of that money to fund the Newman Numismatic Education Society and its Newman Numismatic Portal to "make the literature and images of numismatics,particularly American numismatics,available to everyone on a free and forever basis."
The Copper Panic of 1789 was a monetary crisis of the early United States that was caused by debasement and loss of confidence in copper coins that occurred under the presidency of George Washington.
Agnes Baldwin Brett was an American numismatist and archaeologist who worked as the Curator at the American Numismatic Society from 1910 to 1913. She was the first paid curator at the American Numismatic Society. She made important contributions to the study of ancient coinage,medals,and sculpture,whose work was used by later archaeologists. Brett was also a visiting lecturer of archaeology at Columbia University in 1936.
Sydney Philip Noe was an American numismatist,specializing in Greek coins,and was librarian,then curator,of the American Numismatic Society (ANS). He was awarded the ANS's Archer M. Huntington Medal (1938),and the Medal of the Royal Numismatic Society (1949).
Marion MacCallum Archibald was a British numismatist,author and for 33-years a curator at the British Museum. She was the first woman to be appointed Assistant Keeper in the Department of Coins and Medals and is regarded as a pioneer in what had previously been a male-dominated field. Her 70th birthday was celebrated with the publication of a book of essays authored by 30 of her colleagues,collaborators and former students for whom Marion's name was "synonymous ... with the study of Anglo-Saxon coins at the British Museum".
Elvira Eliza Clain-Stefanelli was a numismatist,director of the National Numismatic Collection of the Smithsonian Institution,and advisor to the US Mint.
Margaret E. Thompson was an American numismatist specializing in Greek coins. She was curator of the American Numismatic Society (ANS) from 1949 to 1979. She was awarded the Archer M. Huntington Medal of the American Numismatic Society in 1961 and the Medal of the Royal Numismatic Society of Great Britain in 1967.
Brita Ingrid Maria Malmer,was a Swedish numismatist who specialized in the Viking Age. She was Sweden's first professor of numismatics.
Andrew Michael Burnett,is a British numismatist and museum curator,who specialises in Roman coins. He was Deputy Director of the British Museum from 2003 to 2013,and Keeper of its Department of Coins and Medals from 1992 to 2003. He was president of the Royal Numismatic Society from 2013 to 2018.
William E. Metcalf,FSA is an American numismatist,ancient historian,and former curator,who is an expert in the study of Roman coins. He is especially known for his pioneering work on Roman provincial coins and particularly the Roman cistophori of Asia Minor.
Haim Gitler is an Israeli curator and researcher,specializing in the field of numismatics. He is chief curator of archaeology and curator of numismatics at the Israel Museum,Jerusalem,as well as the President of the Israel Numismatic Society.
Carmen Arnold-Biucchi is a classical numismatist and archaeologist. Born in Lugano,Switzerland,she studied classical archaeology and ancient history at the University of Fribourg,Switzerland,receiving her Magister in 1971. She completed her dissertation on Cypriot terracottas in 1976. She is an expert on the coinages of Greek Sicily and Hellenistic numismatics.
Yordanka Nikoleva Youroukova was a Bulgarian archaeologist and numismatist,who was a corresponding member of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences.
