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In the economics study of the public sector, economic and social development is the process by which the economic well-being and quality of life of a nation, region, local community, or an individual are improved according to targeted goals and objectives.
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Development economics is a branch of economics that deals with economic aspects of the development process in low- and middle- income countries. Its focus is not only on methods of promoting economic development, economic growth and structural change but also on improving the potential for the mass of the population, for example, through health, education and workplace conditions, whether through public or private channels.
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John Desmond FitzGerald is the former head of the macroeconomics and resource economics division and former coordinator of the research programme of macroeconomics of the Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI) in Dublin, Ireland. He joined the ESRI in 1984, after 12 years at the Department of Finance. He holds master's degrees in history and economics from University College Dublin.
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The balanced growth theory is an economic theory pioneered by the economist Ragnar Nurkse (1907–1959). The theory hypothesises that the government of any underdeveloped country needs to make large investments in a number of industries simultaneously. This will enlarge the market size, increase productivity, and provide an incentive for the private sector to invest.
Pakistan began a period of economic liberalisation in the 1990s to promote and accelerate economic independence, development, and GDP growth.
Kazimierz Łaski was a Polish-Austrian economist. During the antisemitic purge of 1968 Łaski had to leave Poland and moved to Austria, where he worked for the rest of his life and was widely recognized as a major contributor to Post-Keynesian economics.
Robert A. Blecker is an American economist who is currently a Professor in the Department of Economics at American University in Washington, DC. He is also Affiliate Faculty of the American University School of International Service and Center for Latin American and Latino Studies, and a research associate at the Economic Policy Institute and Political Economy Research Institute. His research has made contributions to the fields of post-Keynesian and neo-Kaleckian macroeconomics, open economy macroeconomics, international trade theory and policy, global imbalances and the U.S. trade deficit, the North American Free Trade Agreement, the economy of Mexico, export-led growth, and the theory of balance-of-payments constrained growth.
Malaysia's independence in 1957 was a catalyst for growth. As the nation took charge of managing its own affairs, it continued to develop the goals and means necessary for a financial structure conducive to the economic growth observed today. Critical to the transition of Malaysia from a low-income country to one of high-income status has been the expansion of its economy. From a commodity and agricultural-based economy, the Southeast Asian nation is transitioning to a leading exporter of more complex goods. As the nation opens up to trade and investment, the World Bank and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and International Development Association (IDA) continue to assist with its development.
References
- ↑ Toye, J. (2017). Valpy FitzGerald: radical macroeconomist of development. Oxford Development Studies, 45(2), 116–124.
- ↑ https://fundacionhispanobritanica.org/que-hacemos/catedra-de-doctorado-reina-victoria-eugenia/
- ↑ https://ucm.es/english/honorary-doctorates
- ↑ Kemal, A. R. (1979). [Review of Public Sector Investment Planning for Developing Countries, by E. V. K. FitzGerald]. The Pakistan Development Review, 18(2), 187–189.
- ↑ Parker HR (1979) Fitzgerald, E. V. K. "Public Sector Investment Planning for Developing Countries" (Book Review) Third World Planning Review Volume 1, Number 2