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After achieving independence from the Soviet Union,the Republic of Moldova established relations with other European countries. A course for European Union integration and neutrality define the country's foreign policy guidelines.
Moldova,officially the Republic of Moldova,is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe,on the northeastern corner of the Balkans. The country spans a total of 33,483 km2 and has a population of approximately 2.5 million as of January 2023. Moldova is bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north,east,and south. The unrecognised breakaway state of Transnistria lies across the Dniester river on the country's eastern border with Ukraine. Moldova is a unitary parliamentary representative democratic republic with its capital in Chișinău,the country's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre.
The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) is a regional intergovernmental organization in Eurasia. It was formed following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. It covers an area of 20,368,759 km2 (7,864,422 sq mi) and has an estimated population of 239,796,010. The CIS encourages cooperation in economic,political and military affairs and has certain powers relating to the coordination of trade,finance,lawmaking,and security,including cross-border crime prevention.
Moldovan,also known historically as Moldavian,is one of the two local names for the Romanian language in Moldova. Moldovan was declared the official language of Moldova in Article 13 of the constitution adopted in 1994,while the 1991 Declaration of Independence of Moldova used the name Romanian. In 2003,the Moldovan parliament adopted a law defining Moldovan and Romanian as glottonyms for the same language. In 2013,the Constitutional Court of Moldova interpreted that Article 13 of the constitution is superseded by the Declaration of Independence,thus giving official status to the name Romanian. The breakaway region of Transnistria continues to recognize Moldovan as one of its official languages,alongside Russian and Ukrainian. Ukraine also continues to make a distinction between Moldovan and Romanian,with one village declaring its language to be Romanian and another declaring it to be Moldovan,though Ukrainian officials have announced an intention to remove the legal status of Moldovan. On 16 March 2023,the Moldovan Parliament approved a law on referring to the national language as Romanian in all legislative texts and the constitution. On 22 March,the president of Moldova,Maia Sandu,promulgated the law.
Transnistria,officially the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR),is an unrecognised state internationally considered to be part of Moldova. Transnistria controls most of the narrow strip of land between the Dniester river and the Moldovan–Ukrainian border,as well as some land on the other side of the river's bank. Its capital and largest city is Tiraspol. Transnistria has been recognised only by three other unrecognised or partially recognised breakaway states:Abkhazia,Artsakh,and South Ossetia. Transnistria is officially designated by the Republic of Moldova as the Administrative-Territorial Units of the Left Bank of the Dniester or as Stînga Nistrului. In March 2022,the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe adopted a resolution that defines the territory as under military occupation by Russia.
Vladimir Voronin is a Moldovan politician. He was the third president of Moldova from 2001 until 2009 and has been the First Secretary of the Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova (PCRM) since 1994. He was Europe's first democratically elected communist party head of state after the dissolution of the Eastern Bloc.
The Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova is a communist party in Moldova led by Vladimir Voronin. It is the only communist party to have held a majority government in the post-Soviet states. It has been variously described as communist,Moldovenist,populist,and Russophile.
The politics of Transnistria,a de facto independent state situated de jure within the Republic of Moldova in Eastern Europe,take place in a framework of a semi-presidential republic,whereby the President of Transnistria is head of state and the Prime Minister of Transnistria is head of government. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and parliament. Formally,Transnistria has a multi-party system and a unicameral parliament,called the Supreme Council. The president is elected by popular vote. The latest parliamentary elections were held in December 2010;however,they were not monitored by international organizations such as Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE),which has expressed doubts about the level of democracy in the region,and were not recognized by other countries.
The European Social Democratic Party is a centre-left,populist social-democratic political party in Moldova. Established in 1997,the party holds pro-European views,and is an associate member of the Party of European Socialists (PES) and a full member of the Socialist International. According to its statute,the PSDE pleads that Moldova is an independent,sovereign,and democratic state,based on law,and integrated in the united family of European democracies. Reflecting former leader Marian Lupu's views,but also the strong influence of the Moldovan Orthodox Church,the party is more conservative on social issues,such as LGBT rights.
The unification of Moldova and Romania is a popular concept in the two countries that began during the Revolutions of 1989. The Romanian Revolution in 1989 and the independence of Moldova in 1991 further contributed to the development of a movement for the unification of the two Romanian-speaking countries. The question of reunification is recurrent in the public sphere of the two countries,often as a speculation,both as a goal and a danger. Though historically Romanian support for unification was high,a 2022 survey during the Russian invasion of Ukraine indicated that only 11% of Romania's population supports an immediate union,while over 42% think it is not the moment.
Serafim Urechean is a Moldovan politician. He held the position of general mayor of Chișinău municipality (1994–2005) and interim prime minister of the Republic of Moldova. He was the chairman of the party Our Moldova Alliance (2003–2011),first deputy chairman of the Parliament of the Republic of Moldova (2009–2010) and president of the Court of Accounts of the Republic of Moldova (2011–2016).
Christopher Newbury is a British Conservative politician. He was a member of the Congress of the Council of Europe from 1998 to 2010 and since 2009 has been a member of the new Wiltshire Council,created that year.
Ion Morei is a Moldovan attorney. He was the Minister of Justice of Moldova in the first cabinet (2001–2005) of Prime Minister Vasile Tarlev. He served from April 19,2001,until February 12,2003,when he was replaced as minister by Vasile Dolghieru.
Ion Cebanu is a Moldovan politician. He was Minister of Youth and Sports between 25 September 2009 and 26 February 2013 in the First Vlad Filat Cabinet and in the Second Filat Cabinet as well,President of the Liberal Party Territorial Organization,Centru branch of Chisinau,member of the Central Permanent Bureau of the Liberal Party,president of the Public Association "Optimus".
Vasile Ursu is a Moldovan engineer and politician,MP at the first Parliament of the Republic of Moldova in 1990-1994,acting interim general mayor of Chișinău in 2005-2007 and minister of transport and road management for 2007-2008. In 2008-2009 he held the position of Deputy Minister of Construction and Territory Development.
Valeriu Munteanu is a Moldovan politician,who served as Minister of Environment from 2015 to 2017,member of Parliament of Moldova from 2009 to 2015 and mayor of Floreni from 2007 to 2009. He also held the position of Deputy Chairman of the Liberal Party from 2010 to 2018. He has been Chairman of Save Bessarabia Union (USB) 2019—2021. Currently,he is a vice-president of Alliance for the Union of Romanians.
Petras Auštrevičius is a Lithuanian liberal politician,diplomat,civil society activist,former member of Seimas,and since 2014,a member of the European Parliament.
Eugen Tomac is a Romanian politician,historian and journalist currently serving as MEP in the European Parliament for Romania since 2019. He is also the President of the People's Movement Party (PMP).
Snap parliamentary elections were held in Moldova on 11 July 2021. Following the resignation of Ion Chicu,the position of Prime Minister became vacant,with the Parliament being obligated to form a new government within three months. After the expiration of the constitutionally mandated period and two failed attempts to win parliamentary approval for the proposed cabinets,the Constitutional Court ruled on 15 April that the circumstances justifying a dissolution of the parliament were met. President Maia Sandu signed the decree dissolving the Parliament on 28 April and snap parliamentary elections were called on.
Igor Grosu is a Moldovan politician who is the President of the Parliament of the Republic of Moldova since 29 July 2021. He has been a member of the Moldovan Parliament since March 2019. Grosu has been the leader of the Party of Action and Solidarity (PAS) since 9 December 2020.
References
- 1 2 "Democracy and governing in Moldova". Association for Participatory Democracy "ADEPT". 25 February 2003. Archived from the original on 9 November 2007. Retrieved 14 February 2021.
- ↑ "Moldovan government approves new candidacy for top court judge position". Moldpres News Agency. 3 May 2017. Retrieved 14 February 2021.
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