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Sequence homology is the biological homology between DNA, RNA, or protein sequences, defined in terms of shared ancestry in the evolutionary history of life. Two segments of DNA can have shared ancestry because of three phenomena: either a speciation event (orthologs), or a duplication event (paralogs), or else a horizontal gene transfer event (xenologs).
The Wellcome Sanger Institute, previously known as The Sanger Centre and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, is a non-profit British genomics and genetics research institute, primarily funded by the Wellcome Trust.
The DrugBank database is a comprehensive, freely accessible, online database containing information on drugs and drug targets created and maintained by the University of Alberta and The Metabolomics Innovation Centre located in Alberta,Canada. As both a bioinformatics and a cheminformatics resource, DrugBank combines detailed drug data with comprehensive drug target information. DrugBank has used content from Wikipedia; Wikipedia also often links to Drugbank, posing potential circular reporting issues.
The GDB Human Genome Database was a community curated collection of human genomic data. It was a key database in the Human Genome Project and was in service from 1989 to 2008.
Rfam is a database containing information about non-coding RNA (ncRNA) families and other structured RNA elements. It is an annotated, open access database originally developed at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute in collaboration with Janelia Farm, and currently hosted at the European Bioinformatics Institute. Rfam is designed to be similar to the Pfam database for annotating protein families.
VectorBase is one of the five Bioinformatics Resource Centers (BRC) funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), which is an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services. VectorBase is focused on invertebrate vectors of human pathogens working with the sequencing centers and the research community to curate vector genomes.
InSatDb is a database of microsatellites of sequenced insect genomes
UniVec is a database that can be used to remove vector contamination from DNA sequences.
ECgene in computational biology is a database of genomic annotations taking alternative splicing events into consideration.
SpliceInfo is a database for the four major alternative-splicing modes in the human genome.
The Mammalian Promoter Database (MPromDb) is a curated database of gene promoters identified from ChIP-seq The proximal promoter region contains the cis-regulatory elements of most of the transcription factors (TFs).
OrthoDB presents a catalog of orthologous protein-coding genes across vertebrates, arthropods, fungi, plants, and bacteria. Orthology refers to the last common ancestor of the species under consideration, and thus OrthoDB explicitly delineates orthologs at each major radiation along the species phylogeny. The database of orthologs presents available protein descriptors, together with Gene Ontology and InterPro attributes, which serve to provide general descriptive annotations of the orthologous groups, and facilitate comprehensive orthology database querying. OrthoDB also provides computed evolutionary traits of orthologs, such as gene duplicability and loss profiles, divergence rates, sibling groups, and gene intron-exon architectures.
The duplicated gene nucleotide variant database (dbDNV) is a database of duplicated-gene nucleotide variants in the human genome
AceDB is a biological database for handling genomic data. It was developed by Richard M. Durbin and Jean Thierry-Mieg in 1989. AceDB stands for a C. elegans database. Although AceDB was initially created as a database specifically for the nematode worm it has also come to mean the database software itself, which has been used to store information for other species. According to its website, AceDB provides a custom database kernel with a non-standard data model designed with flexibility in mind. For example, there is an AceDB instance for the organism Pristionchus pacificus called AppaDB. Much of the functionality of AceDB for C. elegans has been made available through the WormBase database.
The Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) is a comprehensive, high-quality, freely accessible, online database of small molecule metabolites found in the human body. Created by the Human Metabolome Project funded by Genome Canada. One of the first dedicated metabolomics databases, the HMDB facilitates human metabolomics research, including the identification and characterization of human metabolites using NMR spectroscopy, GC-MS spectrometry and LC/MS spectrometry. To aid in this discovery process, the HMDB contains three kinds of data: 1) chemical data, 2) clinical data, and 3) molecular biology/biochemistry data. The chemical data includes 41,514 metabolite structures with detailed descriptions along with nearly 10,000 NMR, GC-MS and LC/MS spectra.
The European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) is a repository providing free and unrestricted access to annotated DNA and RNA sequences. It also stores complementary information such as experimental procedures, details of sequence assembly and other metadata related to sequencing projects. The archive is composed of three main databases: the Sequence Read Archive, the Trace Archive and the EMBL Nucleotide Sequence Database. The ENA is produced and maintained by the European Bioinformatics Institute and is a member of the International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration (INSDC) along with the DNA Data Bank of Japan and GenBank.
TIGRFAMs is a database of protein families designed to support manual and automated genome annotation. Each entry includes a multiple sequence alignment and hidden Markov model (HMM) built from the alignment. Sequences that score above the defined cutoffs of a given TIGRFAMs HMM are assigned to that protein family and may be assigned the corresponding annotations. Most models describe protein families found in Bacteria and Archaea.
Julio Collado-Vides is a Guatemalan scientist and Professor of Computational Genomics at the National Autonomous University of Mexico. His research focuses on genomics and bioinformatics.
Peter D. Karp is director of the Bioinformatics Research Group at SRI International in Menlo Park, California. Karp leads the development of the BioCyc database collection. BioCyc databases combine genome, metabolic pathway, and regulatory information for thousands of organisms.
References
- 1 2 Cochrane, Guy R; Galperin Michael Y (Jan 2010). "The 2010 Nucleic Acids Research Database Issue and online Database Collection: a community of data resources". Nucleic Acids Res. England. 38 (Database issue): D1-4. doi:10.1093/nar/gkp1077. PMC 2808992 . PMID 19965766.
