The History of Madagascar started from the ancient supercontinent of Pangaea,containing amongst others the African continent and the Indian subcontinent,and by the island's late colonization by human settlers from the Sunda Islands and from East Africa. These two factors facilitated the evolution and survival of thousands of endemic plant and animal species,some of which have gone extinct or are currently threatened with extinction. Trade in the Indian Ocean at the time of first colonization of Madagascar was dominated by Indonesian ships,probably of Borobudur ship and K'un-lun po types.
Politics of Madagascar takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic republic,with a pluralist multi-party system. The President of Madagascar is head of state and the Prime Minister of Madagascar is head of government. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the bicameral parliament,which is composed of the Senate and the National Assembly. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature.
Jacques Hugues Sylla was a Malagasy politician. He was the Prime Minister of Madagascar under President Marc Ravalomanana from February 2002 to January 2007. He subsequently served as the President of the National Assembly of Madagascar from October 2007 to March 2009.
Didier Ignace Ratsiraka was a Malagasy politician and naval officer who was the third President of Madagascar from 1975 to 1993 and the fifth from 1997 to 2002. At the time of his death,he was the longest-serving President of Madagascar.
The Malagasy Uprising was a Malagasy nationalist rebellion against French colonial rule in Madagascar,lasting from March 1947 to February 1949. Starting in late 1945,Madagascar's first French National Assembly deputies,Joseph Raseta,Joseph Ravoahangy and Jacques Rabemananjara of the Mouvement démocratique de la rénovation malgache (MDRM) political party,led an effort to achieve independence for Madagascar through legal channels. The failure of this initiative and the harsh response it drew from the Socialist Ramadier administration radicalized elements of the Malagasy population,including leaders of several militant nationalist secret societies.
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Madagascar for the Malagasy is a political party in Madagascar.
Philibert Tsiranana was a Malagasy politician and leader who served as the seventh Prime Minister of Madagascar from 1958 to 1959,and then later the first President of Madagascar from 1959 to 1972.
Jacques Rabemananjara was a Malagasy politician,playwright and poet. He served as a government minister,rising to Vice President of Madagascar. Rabemananjara was said to be the most prolific writer of his negritude generation after Senghor,and he had the first négritude poetry published.
The High Transitional Authority was a provisional executive body that came to power in Madagascar following the coup that forced Marc Ravalomanana to leave the country on March 17,2009,as a result of the 2009 Malagasy protests. It was headed by Andry Rajoelina,who appointed members to the body weeks prior to the handing of executive authority from Ravalomanana to the military,which subsequently gave the authority over to the High Transitional Authority.
Albert Sylla was a Malagasy medical doctor and politician.
HonoréN. Razafindramiandra was a Malagasy politician. Born in Ampitatafika,Antanifotsy,he was an activist of the Vital Forces Committee known as Commitédes Forces Vives. He served as Vice-President of the Forces Vives Committee in 1991 and as Vice-President of the High State Authority under the Transitional Government until 1993. Founder of the Political party Accord and Director and founder of two National weekly newspapers Ala-Voly and Confidences au Sommet. HonoréN. Razafindramiandra was an Alma mater of Institut d'études politiques de Paris and graduated from the Public Service Division in 1965. He was awarded the National Order of the Legion of Honour. He served as Minister of Culture,Communications and Recreation of the Republic of Madagascar until his death on April 29,1996.
The Colony of Madagascar and Dependencies was a French colony off the coast of Southeast Africa between 1897 and 1958 in what is now Madagascar. The colony was formerly a protectorate of France known as Malagasy Protectorate. The protectorate became a colony,following Queen Ranavalona III's exile to Réunion.
Jean Verdi Salomon Razakandraina (1913–1978),commonly known as Dox,was a Malagasy writer and poet considered one of the most important literary figures in the country's history. He is principally renowned for his poetry and plays,but was also a painter,wrote and performed musical compositions,and translated several major French and English language works into Malagasy. His works have formed part of the language arts curriculum in Madagascar at every grade level since the country regained independence in 1960.
The Parti des déshérités de Madagascar was a political party active in Madagascar from June 1946 until the independence of the First Republic (1960–1972). It was formed in reaction to the establishment and rapid political success of the Mouvement démocratique de la rénovation malgache (MDRM) political party,formed by Merina elites on a platform of independence from France. While nationalist parties,including the MDRM,enjoyed broad support across various ethnic communities,PADESM focused on empowering and ensuring fair governance for coastal people. These coastal communities had a history of subjugation by the Merina group and were concerned that the MDRM might restore Merina political dominance after independence.
France–Madagascar relations are the diplomatic relations between the French Republic and the Republic of Madagascar. France controlled Madagascar beginning in 1895 until the islands nation's independence in 1960. Both nations are today members of the Francophonie and the United Nations.
Calvin Tsiebo was a Malagasy politician during the era on Malagasy Republic and former Vice President of Madagascar.
Joseph Raseta was a Malagasy physician,politician,and intellectual who co-founded the Democratic Movement for Malagasy Renewal with Joseph Ravoahangy-Andrianavalona and Jacques Rabemananjara.
Eugène Bernard Lechat was a French-Malagasy politician during the era on Malagasy Republic,and former vice president of Madagascar.
Alfred Ramangasoavina is a Malagasy politician during the era on Malagasy Republic,and former vice president of Madagascar.
