Victoria Meadows

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Victoria Suzanne Meadows is a Professor with the Astronomy Department and Director of the Astrobiology Program at the University of Washington. [1] She is also the Principal Investigator for the NASA Astrobiology Institute's Virtual Planetary Laboratory [2] Lead Team and the chair of the NAI Focus Group on Habitability and Astronomical Biosignatures (HAB). The research direction of the team is to create computer models that can be used to understand planet formation, stability and orbital evolution, and to simulate the environment and spectra of planets that can potentially be habitable.

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She obtained her B.Sc. in physics from the University of New South Wales, and a Ph.D. in physics from the Astrophysics Department of the University of Sydney.

Scientific American consulted her for comments when the Kepler space telescope mission discovered large numbers of planets orbiting distant stars. [3]

Research

Meadows’ main research focus is to determine processes to identify whether an extrasolar planet is able to support life. With her Virtual Planetary Laboratory, she develops computer models to understand the process by which planets form, their stability and orbital evolution. The models are used to help design and develop planet detection missions which focus on the most promising tests. In 2015, she co-published a new metric called the “habitability index for transiting planets” which aims to help prioritize where to conduct closer inspections among the thousands of exoplanets being discovered, with the best prospects for identifying signs of life beyond Earth. [4]

One of the key factors is to test for the presence of oxygen on candidate planets, so her team of 75 researchers in 2016 were investigating how to distinguish false positive signals from true signs of biological activity. [5]

In 2020, she co-authored research into spectral analysis of gas on Venus. She pointed out that signs which had originally been interpreted as the gas phosphine (a possible sign of life) could instead be sulfur dioxide (which is not considered a sign of life). [6]

As of  2021, Google Scholar reports that her publications have a total of 9774 citations, with an h-index of 54. [7]

Awards

In 2018, the SETI Institute awarded her their Drake Award "in recognition of her contributions to the field of astrobiology and her work as a researcher, leader and inspiration for everyone working in her field". [8] She was the first woman to receive this award. [9]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Astrobiology</span> Science concerned with life in the universe

Astrobiology, is a scientific field within the life and environmental sciences that studies the origins, early evolution, distribution, and future of life in the universe by investigating its deterministic conditions and contingent events. As a discipline, astrobiology is founded on the premise that life may exist beyond Earth.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Drake equation</span> Estimate of extraterrestrial civilizations

The Drake equation is a probabilistic argument used to estimate the number of active, communicative extraterrestrial civilizations in the Milky Way Galaxy.

Extraterrestrial life, alien life, or colloquially aliens, is life which does not originate from Earth. No extraterrestrial life has yet been conclusively detected. Such life might range from simple forms such as prokaryotes to intelligent beings, possibly bringing forth civilizations that might be far more advanced than humans. The Drake equation speculates about the existence of sapient life elsewhere in the universe. The science of extraterrestrial life is known as astrobiology.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Habitable zone</span> Orbits where planets may have liquid surface water

In astronomy and astrobiology, the habitable zone (HZ), or more precisely the circumstellar habitable zone (CHZ), is the range of orbits around a star within which a planetary surface can support liquid water given sufficient atmospheric pressure. The bounds of the HZ are based on Earth's position in the Solar System and the amount of radiant energy it receives from the Sun. Due to the importance of liquid water to Earth's biosphere, the nature of the HZ and the objects within it may be instrumental in determining the scope and distribution of planets capable of supporting Earth-like extraterrestrial life and intelligence.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Planetary habitability</span> Known extent to which a planet is suitable for life

Planetary habitability is the measure of a planet's or a natural satellite's potential to develop and maintain environments hospitable to life. Life may be generated directly on a planet or satellite endogenously or be transferred to it from another body, through a hypothetical process known as panspermia. Environments do not need to contain life to be considered habitable nor are accepted habitable zones (HZ) the only areas in which life might arise.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sara Seager</span> Canadian astronomer

Sara Seager is a Canadian-American astronomer and planetary scientist. She is a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and is known for her work on extrasolar planets and their atmospheres. She is the author of two textbooks on these topics, and has been recognized for her research by Popular Science, Discover Magazine, Nature, and TIME Magazine. Seager was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship in 2013 citing her theoretical work on detecting chemical signatures on exoplanet atmospheres and developing low-cost space observatories to observe planetary transits.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kepler-16b</span> Gas giant orbiting Kepler-16 star system

Kepler-16b is a Saturn-mass exoplanet consisting of half gas and half rock and ice. It orbits a binary star, Kepler-16, with a period of 229 days. "[It] is the first confirmed, unambiguous example of a circumbinary planet – a planet orbiting not one, but two stars," said Josh Carter of the Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, one of the discovery team.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kepler-22b</span> Super-Earth exoplanet orbiting Kepler-22

Kepler-22b is an exoplanet orbiting within the habitable zone of the Sun-like star Kepler-22. It is located about 640 light-years from Earth in the constellation of Cygnus. It was discovered by NASA's Kepler Space Telescope in December 2011 and was the first known transiting planet to orbit within the habitable zone of a Sun-like star, where liquid water could exist on the planet's surface. Kepler-22 is too dim to be seen with the naked eye.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">William J. Borucki</span> NASA Kepler planet discovery mission principal investigator

William J. (Bill) Borucki is a space scientist who worked at the NASA Ames Research Center. Upon joining NASA in 1962, Borucki joined the group conducting research on the heat shield for Apollo program spacecraft. He later turned his attention to the optical efficiency of lightning strikes in the atmospheres of planets, investigating the propensity that these lightning strikes could create molecules that would later become the precursors for life. Subsequently, Borucki's attention turned to extrasolar planets and their detection, particularly through the transit method. In light of this work, Borucki was named the principal investigator for NASA's Kepler space telescope mission, launched on March 7, 2009 and dedicated to a transit-based search for habitable planets. In 2013, Borucki was awarded the United States National Academy of Sciences's Henry Draper Medal for his work with Kepler. In 2015 he received the Shaw Prize in Astronomy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kepler-62e</span> Habitable-zone super-Earth planet orbiting Kepler-62

Kepler-62e is a super-Earth exoplanet discovered orbiting within the habitable zone of Kepler-62, the second outermost of five such planets discovered by NASA's Kepler spacecraft. Kepler-62e is located about 990 light-years from Earth in the constellation of Lyra. The exoplanet was found using the transit method, in which the dimming effect that a planet causes as it crosses in front of its star is measured. Kepler-62e may be a terrestrial or ocean-covered planet; it lies in the inner part of its host star's habitable zone.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kepler-62f</span> Super-Earth orbiting Kepler-62

Kepler-62f is a super-Earth exoplanet orbiting within the habitable zone of the star Kepler-62, the outermost of five such planets discovered around the star by NASA's Kepler space telescope. It is located about 980 light-years from Earth in the constellation of Lyra.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kepler-186f</span> Terrestrial exoplanet orbiting Kepler-186

Kepler-186f is an Earth-sized exoplanet orbiting within the habitable zone of the red dwarf star Kepler-186, the outermost of five such planets discovered around the star by NASA's Kepler space telescope. It is located about 580 light-years from Earth in the constellation of Cygnus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kepler-442b</span> Super-Earth orbiting Kepler-442

Kepler-442b is a confirmed near-Earth-sized exoplanet, likely rocky, orbiting within the habitable zone of the K-type main-sequence star Kepler-442, about 1,206 light-years (370 pc) from Earth in the constellation of Lyra.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nexus for Exoplanet System Science</span> Dedicated to the search for life on exoplanets

The Nexus for Exoplanet System Science (NExSS) initiative is a National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) virtual institute designed to foster interdisciplinary collaboration in the search for life on exoplanets. Led by the Ames Research Center, the NASA Exoplanet Science Institute, and the Goddard Institute for Space Studies, NExSS will help organize the search for life on exoplanets from participating research teams and acquire new knowledge about exoplanets and extrasolar planetary systems.

The Virtual Planetary Laboratory (VPL) is a virtual institute based at the University of Washington that studies how to detect exoplanetary habitability and their potential biosignatures. First formed in 2001, the VPL is part of the NASA Astrobiology Institute (NAI) and connects more than fifty researchers at twenty institutions together in an interdisciplinary effort. VPL is also part of the Nexus for Exoplanet System Science (NExSS) network, with principal investigator Victoria Meadows leading the NExSS VPL team.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kepler-452b</span> Super-Earth exoplanet orbiting Kepler452

Kepler-452b is a super-Earth exoplanet orbiting within the inner edge of the habitable zone of the sun-like star Kepler-452 and is the only planet in the system discovered by the Kepler space telescope. It is located about 1,400 light-years (430 pc) from Earth in the constellation of Cygnus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shawn Domagal-Goldman</span>

Shawn D. Domagal-Goldman is a research space scientist at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, who specializes in exoplanets, Archean geochemistry, planetary atmospheres, and astrobiology.

Aomawa L. Shields is an associate professor of physics and astronomy at UC Irvine. Her research is focused on exploring the climate and habitability of small exoplanets, using data from observatories including NASA's Kepler space telescope. Shields was a 2015 TED Fellow, and is active in science communication and outreach. She develops interactive workshops to encourage self-esteem and teach about astronomy, combines her training in theater and her career in astronomy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Habitability of yellow dwarf systems</span> Likelihood of finding extraterrestrial life in yellow dwarf systems

Habitability of G V stars of G V stars systems defines the suitability for life of exoplanets belonging to yellow dwarf stars. These systems are the object of study among the scientific community because they are considered the most suitable for harboring living organisms, together with those belonging to K-type stars.

Cynthia B. Phillips is an American planetary geologist who works for NASA at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. A focus of her research has been Europa, one of the moons of Jupiter, and she is project staff scientist and project science communications lead for the Europa Clipper spacecraft mission. An expert on processing images from space missions to the planets and their moons, and on the geological processes operating within moons, she has studied the effects of asteroid impacts on the surface of Europa, and definitions of non-earth-based life that could apply on places like Europa that are outside the circumstellar habitable zone.

References

  1. "Victoria Meadows, Astronomy". University of Washington . Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  2. "Welcome to the Virtual Planetary Laboratory". washington.edu.
  3. Skibba, Ramin (October 21, 2016). "Kepler Finds Scores of Planets around Cool Dwarf Stars". Scientific American. Retrieved 26 October 2016.
  4. Kelley, Peter (October 5, 2015). "Astronomers Devise 'Habitability Index' to Guide Future Search for Life on Other Planets". Lab Manager. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
  5. Wolchover, Natalie. "Scientists Search for Signatures of Alien Life Hidden in Gas". Wired. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
  6. Plain, Christopher (31 July 2023). "Another Robust Phosphine Signal From the Clouds of Venus Significantly Bolsters Case for Alien Life". The Debrief. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
  7. "Victoria Meadows". scholar.google.com. Google Scholar Citations. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  8. "Scientist Seeking Signs of Extraterrestrial Life to Receive the SETI Institute's Drake Award | SETI Institute". www.seti.org. Retrieved 2018-05-21.
  9. Gronstal, Aaron (May 4, 2018). "Victoria Meadows Receives the Drake Award". astrobiology.nasa.gov. NASA Astrobiology. Retrieved 17 February 2024.