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Black September, also known as the Jordanian Civil War, was an armed conflict between Jordan, led by King Hussein, and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), led by chairman Yasser Arafat. The main phase of the fighting took place between 16 and 27 September 1970, though certain aspects of the conflict continued until 17 July 1971.
The Badr Organization, previously known as the Badr Brigades or Badr Corps, is an Iraqi Shia Islamist political party and paramilitary organization headed by Hadi Al-Amiri. The Badr Brigade was the Iran-officered military wing of the Iran-based Shia Islamic party, Supreme Council for Islamic Revolution in Iraq (SCIRI), formed in 1982. The Badr Brigade was created by Iranian intelligence and Shia cleric Mohammad Baqir al-Hakim with the aim of fighting Saddam Hussein's regime during the Iran–Iraq War. Since the 2003 US-led invasion of Iraq most of Badr's fighters have entered the new Iraqi army and police force. Politically, Badr Brigade and SCIRI were considered to be one party since 2003, but have now unofficially separated with the Badr Organization now an official Iraqi political party. Badr Brigade forces, and their Iranian commanders, have come to prominence in 2014 fighting the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) in Iraq. It is a part of the Popular Mobilization Forces.
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The Makhmur refugee camp was founded in 1998, and is located in the Makhmur District, some 60 Km southwest to Erbil, the capital of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRG). About 12,000 Kurdish refugees, who fled the civil war between Kurds and the Turkish army in the 1990s, live in this refugee camp. The refugees and their descendants stem from the depopulated Kurdish villages in Turkey. The Turkish authorities claim they had to depopulate the villages as they have been infiltrated by militants of the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK).
References
- ↑ "Palestinians in Iraq" (PDF). fmreview.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 October 2008. Retrieved 14 August 2007.
- ↑ "Content". Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2021-08-17.
- ↑ "Error - Amnesty International". Archived from the original on 2019-03-31. Retrieved 2021-08-17.
- ↑ Sassoon, Joseph. The Iraqi Refugees: The New Crisis in the Middle East, Paperback Edition. I.B. Tauris, 2011., p. 75
- ↑ "Palestinian Refugees from Iraq in Critical Need of Protection".
- ↑ "Nowhere to Flee". Human Rights Watch. 9 September 2006.
- ↑ "Factsheet: Palestinian Refugees in Iraq". Archived from the original on 2009-07-20.
- ↑ http://www.unhcr.no/Pdf/Position_countryinfo_2007/Iraq%20guidelines.pdf%5B%5D
- ↑ Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. "Refworld | UNHCR's Eligibility Guidelines for Assessing the International Protection Needs of Iraqi Asylum-seekers". Refworld.
- ↑ "Iraq" (PDF). UNHCR Global Appeal 2007.
- ↑ ""Protocol for the Treatment of Palestinians in Arab States, Casablanca Protocol", accessed on March 12th 2011".