WAD

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Wazarat-e Amaniat-e Dowlati (WAD)
Emblem of the KHAD (1980-1987).svg
WAD emblem
Agency overview
FormedJanuary 9, 1986;40 years ago (1986-01-09)
DissolvedApril 1992;33 years ago (1992-04)
  • NDS (2002–2021)
  • GDI (2021–present)
Type Secret Police
Employees90,000 (1990). [1] [2]
Annual budget$160 million (1986) [3]

The Wazarat-e Amaniat-e Dowlati (literally "Ministry of State Security" [a] ) or WAD, is a former intelligence agency of the former Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, which succeeded KHAD. The WAD was disbanded in 1992 before the start of the 2nd Afghan Civil War. Despite the name change, most of the rank and file are dominated by Parchamis. [5]

Contents

The Sarandoy reportedly cooperates with WAD agents. [6]

History

On 9 January 1986, KhAD was changed with its name to WAD with the agency becoming its own ministry. [7] It was reported that WAD was placed in charge of controlling the Kabul Garrison. [7] Its budget and size were expanded. [8] However WAD would still often be referred to as KhAD. [9] In 1987, WAD was behind many terrorist attacks on Pakistani soil including the Karachi Car bombing and an attempted car bombing on the US Consulate in Peshawar which ended up killing over 30 people. [10]

The 1986 National Reconciliation Act, enacted by President Mohammad Najibullah, meant that the powers of individual WAD officers were reduced and they would have to consult with local police forces, shuras, and the provincial and district offices of the attorney general if they wanted to make any arrest. [11]

WAD operatives additionally attempted to assassinate Gulbuddin Hekmatyar in 1987, using a remote-controlled car bomb and wounding two of his bodyguards. Other operations included the kidnapping of one of Massoud’s five brothers in Peshawar, as well as sending KhAD assassination teams (paid in the equivalent of thousands of dollars) into Panjshir Province to assassinate Ahmad Shah Massoud. [12]

In 1989, WAD-led forces, more specifically the Special Guard and the 904th Battalion, fought in the Battle of Jalalabad. [13] In March 1990, Lieutenant-General Shahnawaz Tanai attempted a coup, which was suppressed by the WAD-led Afghan National Guard (Gard-e-Milli), General Khushal Peroz and Mohammad Aslam Watanjar. [7]

During the civil war in the 1990s, Hezb-i-Islami, the Northern Alliance and the Taliban all recruited ex-KhAD/WAD officers and agents to act as their moles operating behind enemy territory. WAD primarily acted as the intelligence arm of the Northern Alliance during the civil war in Afghanistan, even after the fall of the Afghan government in 1992. [14]

Structure

The WAD was known to have the following organizational structures in place: [9]

Directors of WAD

No.DirectorTook officeLeft office
1 Ghulam Faruq Yaqubi 6 December 198516 April 1992
2 Osman Sultani 16 April 199228 April 1992

Notes

  1. ↑ RAND reported its English translation as the "Ministry of National Security". [4]

References

  1. ↑ "An April Day That Changed Afghanistan 4: The evolution of the PDPA and its relations with the Soviet Union". Afghanistan Analysts Network - English (in Pashto). 2018-05-03. Retrieved 2023-07-28.
  2. ↑ Giustozzi, Antonio (2000). War, Politics and Society. C. Hurst & Co. London. pp. 98, 266. ISBN   9780878407583.
  3. ↑ Weymouth, Lally (1988-08-28). "WHO KILLED PAKISTAN'S ZIA THE FEARS AND THE THEORIES". Washington Post. ISSN   0190-8286 . Retrieved 2023-07-12.
  4. ↑ Oliker, Olga (2011-10-13). "Building Afghanistan's Security Forces in Wartime: The Soviet Experience". Rand Corporation.
  5. ↑ "Epilogue, 1982-1994".
  6. ↑ "Information on whether the civilian police in Kabul engaged in the surveillance and apprehension of suspected Mujahideen activists on behalf of KhAD, the secret police, during the period 1986 to 1992" . Retrieved 2026-01-20.
  7. 1 2 3 "Refworld | Afghanistan - Security Services in Communist Afghanistan (1978–1992). AGSA, KAM, KhAD and WAD". Refworld.
  8. ↑ Landsford 2017, p. 433.
  9. 1 2 "Note on the Structure and Operation of the KhAD/WAD in Afghanistan 1978-1992". Refworld.
  10. ↑ "TERRORISM REVIEW FOR 13 JANUARY 1987 | CIA FOIA (foia.cia.gov)". www.cia.gov. Retrieved 2023-09-10.
  11. ↑ "Note on the Structure and Operation of the KhAD/WAD in Afghanistan 1978-1992". Refworld. Retrieved 2024-05-12.
  12. ↑
  13. ↑ Fleiss, Alex (2022-04-05). "What happened in the battle of Jalalabad?". Rebellion Research. Retrieved 2024-03-24.
  14. ↑ Rockwell, Ernest (17 February 2020). "Afghanistan Intelligence War > Air University (AU) > Wild Blue Yonder". www.airuniversity.af.edu.
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