Walton W. McCarthy | |
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Born | 1951 (age 72–73) Bronx, NY, United States |
Alma mater | Montana State University (B.E.) |
Occupation | Businessman |
Walton W. McCarthy (born 1951) is an American businessman and mechanical engineer and is known as an advocate for creating scientific standards for the underground shelter industry. [1] [2] McCarthy is a Principle Mechanical Engineer [3] with NORAD Shelter Systems LLC, a Texas underground blast shelter company formed 2016. [4] He is formerly the president of Radius Engineering. [5] [6]
Walton McCarthy was born in 1951 to Jacqueline and Robert McCarthy, and raised in The Bronx NY. He graduated with a bachelor of science degree from Montana State University in 1974. [7] [8] McCarthy has two children, Darik McCarthy and Alexis McCarthy. He is married to LaTonia McCarthy of Plano, TX.
Overhearing a sad conversation in 1978 prompted McCarthy to begin his bomb shelter career. A family he knew had a suicide pact in place should nuclear war fallout cause radiation poisoning. Their young daughter asked "if" she grew up, could she be a designer. McCarthy decided to dedicate his career to protecting people from the devastating effects of nuclear war. [9] He started building bomb shelters in 1978. [10] He worked with the Department of Defense and multiple governments and educational institutions to determine how to create appropriate protection from nuclear explosions. [11] [12]
He is a member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, the American Society of Testing Materials, and the Composite Fabricators Association. [13]
McCarthy was the subject of two television shows [14] [15] [16] and numerous radio programs. McCarthy was featured in American Survival Guide for his S16 underground shelter [17] and his Self-Contained Underground Power Plant (SCUPP). [18] He was asked to bring an underground shelter to COLPRO in 2004. [19]
Walton McCarthy sold his company THETA Technologies to Larry Azure in 1994 which later was successfully public on the NASDAQ stock exchange as OMEGA Environmental using McCarthy's patents. Later Walton McCarthy was the plaintiff in a federal law suit against THETA Technologies which was settled out of court. In 1995 Walton McCarthy formed the company known as Radius Engineering. He is currently a consultant for NORAD, MSCG and numerous other defense contractors.
McCarthy established the very first guidelines for effective designing and manufacturing of underground shelters in his 1983 book The Nuclear Shelterist. [20] In this book McCarthy coined the term shelterist to mean an underground shelter occupant, distinguishing his customers from what are now known as "survivalists" and "preppers". A shelterist uses the shelter to prepare for a disaster; a "prepper" uses food and guns to prepare for a disaster, but not necessarily a shelter. However, it was his second book, Principles of Protection: U. S. Handbook of NBC Weapon Fundamentals and Shelter Engineering Design Standards, which became "The Bible of the Shelter Industry". This book establishes nuclear weapons effects tables that are not founded in any book to date. [21]
McCarthy has argued for many years to distinguish between survival shelters and nuclear shelters, as survival shelters were not designed to protect people from nuclear weapons. McCarthy also created a committee [12] of university, corporate and government scientists to create standards for the underground shelter industry. The committee included experts from the Nuclear Engineering Laboratory at the University of Illinois, the Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory and Chemical Division, Edgewood Arsenal, Stonybrook University, FEMA, Scientific Applications International Corp., Northeast Consulting Engineers, the University of NH and the National Bureau of Standards.
McCarthy has designed and installed over 1400 underground shelters and published twelve patents. [22] [23] McCarthy and several of his shelter companies have been featured in The New York Times, [24] [25] KSAT ABC, [9] The Wall Street Journal, [26] CBS News, [27] [28] Wired Magazine, [29] Popular Mechanics, [30] [31] and CNN [11] and multiple other publications. [4]
McCarthy was issued numerous patents: Us Provisional Patent No. 62460297 EMP Shielded Generator Housing
Us Provisional Patent No. 62460286 Truss Air Manifold Assembly
Us Provisional Patent No. 62460281 S.E.A.M. Severe Environment Air Filtration NBC
Us Provisional Patent No. 62460237 Steel Hex Arch Underground Shelter
US Patent 4,440,861 Solar Apparatus
US Patent 4,345,974 A Solar Fermentation
US Patent 4,660,334 THETA Blast Cell
US Patent 4,884,709 Underground Storage Tank
US Patent 4,934,553A Above Ground Waste Tank
US Patent 5,115,613 THETA Blast Cell
US Patent 6,385,919 Disaster Shelter
US Patent 06296693-01 NBC Life Cell
US Patent 6,438,907 B1 Entranceway and Disaster Shelter
US Patent 63,851,919 B1 Disaster Shelter
US Patent 8,987,925 B2 Underground Power Plant
US Patent 7,744,682 B2 A Multi-Chamber Air Sterilization
McCarthy wrote two books defining standards for the underground shelter industry:
The Nuclear Shelterist, Walton W. McCarthy, Todd and Honeywell, 354pp, 1983
Principles of Protection: U.S. Handbook of NBC Weapon Fundamentals and Shelter Engineering Design Standards, 6th Ed. Walton W. McCarthy 2013, 727 pp. Brown Books.
Civil defense or civil protection is an effort to protect the citizens of a state from human-made and natural disasters. It uses the principles of emergency operations: prevention, mitigation, preparation, response, or emergency evacuation and recovery. Programs of this sort were initially discussed at least as early as the 1920s and were implemented in some countries during the 1930s as the threat of war and aerial bombardment grew. Civil-defense structures became widespread after authorities recognised the threats posed by nuclear weapons.
A fallout shelter is an enclosed space specially designated to protect occupants from radioactive debris or fallout resulting from a nuclear explosion. Many such shelters were constructed as civil defense measures during the Cold War.
Nuclear warfare, also known as atomic warfare, is a military conflict or prepared political strategy that deploys nuclear weaponry. Nuclear weapons are weapons of mass destruction; in contrast to conventional warfare, nuclear warfare can produce destruction in a much shorter time and can have a long-lasting radiological result. A major nuclear exchange would likely have long-term effects, primarily from the fallout released, and could also lead to secondary effects, such as "nuclear winter", nuclear famine, and societal collapse. A global thermonuclear war with Cold War-era stockpiles, or even with the current smaller stockpiles, may lead to various scenarios including the extinction of the human species.
North American Aerospace Defense Command, known until March 1981 as the North American Air Defense Command, is a combined organization of the United States and Canada department, that provides aerospace warning, air sovereignty, and protection for Canada and the continental United States.
Nuclear fallout is the residual radioactive material propelled into the upper atmosphere following a nuclear blast, so called because it "falls out" of the sky after the explosion and the shock wave has passed. It commonly refers to the radioactive dust and ash created when a nuclear weapon explodes. The amount and spread of fallout is a product of the size of the weapon and the altitude at which it is detonated. Fallout may get entrained with the products of a pyrocumulus cloud and fall as black rain. This radioactive dust, usually consisting of fission products mixed with bystanding atoms that are neutron-activated by exposure, is a form of radioactive contamination.
A bunker is a defensive military fortification designed to protect people and valued materials from falling bombs, artillery, or other attacks. Bunkers are almost always underground, in contrast to blockhouses which are mostly above ground. They were used extensively in World War I, World War II, and the Cold War for weapons facilities, command and control centers, and storage facilities. Bunkers can also be used as protection from tornadoes.
A cobalt bomb is a type of "salted bomb": a nuclear weapon designed to produce enhanced amounts of radioactive fallout, intended to contaminate a large area with radioactive material, potentially for the purpose of radiological warfare, mutual assured destruction or as doomsday devices. There is no firm evidence that such a device has ever been built or tested.
Survivalism is a social movement of individuals or groups who proactively prepare for emergencies, such as natural disasters, and other disasters causing disruption to social order caused by political or economic crises. Preparations may anticipate short-term scenarios or long-term, on scales ranging from personal adversity, to local disruption of services, to international or global catastrophe. There is no bright line dividing general emergency preparedness from prepping in the form of survivalism, but a qualitative distinction is often recognized whereby preppers/survivalists prepare especially extensively because they have higher estimations of the risk of catastrophes happening. Nonetheless, prepping can be as limited as preparing for a personal emergency, or it can be as extensive as a personal identity or collective identity with a devoted lifestyle.
Protect and Survive was a public information campaign on civil defence. Produced by the British government between 1974 and 1980, it intended to advise the public on how to protect themselves during a nuclear attack. The campaign comprised a pamphlet, newspaper advertisements, radio broadcasts, and public information films. The series had originally been intended for distribution only in the event of dire national emergency, but provoked such intense public interest that the pamphlet was published, in slightly amended form, in 1980. Due to its controversial subject, and the nature of its publication, the cultural impact of Protect and Survive was greater and longer-lasting than most public information campaigns.
Chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear defense or Nuclear, biological, and chemical protection is protective measures taken in situations in which chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear hazards may be present. CBRN defense consists of CBRN passive protection, contamination avoidance, and weapons of mass destruction mitigation.
"Duck and cover" is a method of personal protection against the effects of a nuclear explosion. Ducking and covering is useful in offering a degree of protection to personnel located outside the radius of the nuclear fireball but still within sufficient range of the nuclear explosion that standing upright and uncovered is likely to cause serious injury or death. In the most literal interpretation, the focus of the maneuver is primarily on protective actions one can take during the first few crucial seconds-to-minutes after the event, while the film of the same name and a full encompassing of the advice also cater to providing protection up to weeks after the event.
A blast shelter is a place where people can go to protect themselves from blasts and explosions, like those from bombs, or in hazardous worksites, such as on oil and gas refineries or petrochemical facilities. It differs from a fallout shelter, in that its main purpose is to protect from shock waves and overpressure instead of from radioactive precipitation, as a fallout shelter does. It is also possible for a shelter to protect from both blasts and fallout.
United States civil defense refers to the use of civil defense in the history of the United States, which is the organized non-military effort to prepare Americans for military attack and similarly disastrous events. Late in the 20th century, the term and practice of civil defense fell into disuse. Emergency management and homeland security replaced them.
The Ark Two Shelter is a nuclear fallout shelter built by Bruce Beach in the village of Horning's Mills. The shelter first became habitable in 1980 and has been continuously expanded and improved since then. The 930 m2 (10,000 sq ft) shelter is composed of 42 school buses, which were buried underground as patterns for concrete that was then poured over to provide the main structure, onto which up to 5 meters of earth were piled to provide fallout protection.
Fallout Protection: What To Know And Do About Nuclear Attack was an official United States federal government booklet released in December 1961 by the United States Department of Defense and the Office of Civil Defense. The first page of the book is a note from then-U.S. Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara explaining that the booklet is a 48 page book made for the result of the first task he was given when he assumed responsibility for the Federal Civil Defense Program in August 1961. The task, assigned by President John F. Kennedy, was to "give the American people the facts they need to know about the dangers of a thermonuclear attack and what they can do to protect themselves."
In the survivalist subculture or movement, a retreat is a place of refuge. Sometimes their retreats are called a bug-out location (BOL), a bunker, a bolt hole or a hidesite. Survivalist retreats are intended to be self-sufficient and easily defended. Generally, they are located in sparsely populated outback rural areas.
Portrayals of survivalism, and survivalist themes and elements such as survival retreats have been fictionalised in print, film, and electronic media. This genre was especially influenced by the advent of nuclear weapons, and the potential for societal collapse in light of a Cold War nuclear conflagration.
Kate Brown is a Professor of Science, Technology and Society at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She is the author of Manual for Survival: A Chernobyl Guide to the Future (2019), Dispatches from Dystopia (2015), Plutopia (2013), and A Biography of No Place (2004). She was a member of the faculty at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC) from 2000 to 2018. She is the founding consulting editor of History Unclassified in the American Historical Review.
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