Through its history, its sales slogan was "Everything Musical", consistent with Werlein's for Music's intent of providing a one stop shopping experience for musicians and those interested in music.[2]
Founding
In 1854, Philip Werlein entered the music retailing business in New Orleans, having purchased the New Orleans music business that belonged to L.C. Ashbrand. Werlein was an immigrant from Germany with a musical background who had previously settled in Vicksburg, Mississippi. In Vicksburg, Werlein was a music teacher who opened a music store there in 1842. For this reason, the founding of Werlein's for Music could be counted as 1842, rather than 1852 or 1854.
After New Orleans was captured by the Union Army during the United States Civil War, business leaders and other prominent people in New Orleans were expected to sign an oath of allegiance to the United States. Werlein refused to do so and instead entered forced retirement in New Iberia, Louisiana. During that time, store employees hid away pianos. When hostilities ended, the hidden pianos provided inventory for the store so that it could quickly reopen, once again in New Orleans.[3]
Sheet music cover using the name of Philip Werlein as the publisher
Following his return from New Iberia after the United States Civil War, Philip P. Werlein, Jr., joined his father in managing Werlein's for Music, eventually becoming the dominant partner. During the period of time shortly after the United States Civil War, many press reports about the business's activities did not distinguish between Philip P. Werlein and Philip P. Werlein, Jr.[4]:44
In its early history, Werlein's for Music moved between various addresses in the New Orleans Central Business District, including Camp Street and Baronne Street before locating to a four-story building at 605 Canal Street, where the store remained for almost all of the twentieth century. The name of the store also changed several times, particularly in its early history, with names including: P. P. Werlein & Halsey, Werlein Piano Company of New Orleans, Ashbrand & Werlein, Philip Werlein Ltd., House of Werlein, and P. P. Werlein & Shepherd, all before finally settling on Werlein's for Music. This remained the name of the stores for the majority of their history.[4]:42–44
Business practices
Through the years of the firm's existence, its management passed through generations of the original founder's descendants. Philip Werlein, Jr., managed Werlein's for Music until 1899 at which time Philip Werlein III became the general manager, serving in that capacity until 1917. Management and ownership of Werlein's for Music remained with descendants of Philip Werlein for the duration of its history.[4]:44
Werlein's for Music provided one stop shopping for musicians' musical needs. Besides a large selection of musical instruments, the store provided repair services for musical instruments, sheet music, and music lessons. The store sold tickets to music events held in the New Orleans Metropolitan Area. It employed a staff of knowledgeable sales personnel. The New Orleans Symphony established offices on the third floor of the Canal Street store. The store maintained an auditorium on its top floor, with performances by Les Paul and Mary Ford, among many other musicians and entertainers.[1][3]
In 1880, Werlein's acquired the National Theatre which was an important music venue in New Orleans, although it had fallen into significant disrepair. The theatre was at times known as the "German Theatre", and this may have been part of the appeal of the property to the Werlein family, considering their German heritage. Located at the intersection of Perdido Street and Baronne Street in the New Orleans Central Business District, Werlein's for Music attempted to restore the theatre to its former prestige. The theatre was destroyed by fire in 1887 and so was later sold by Werlein's for Music to real estate developers.[5][6][3]
Through much of its history, Werlein's for Music remained visible in the New Orleans Metropolitan Area, through advertising, sponsorship of musical events, assistance to school music programs, and other means. Its slogan "Everything Musical" was used in various contexts for advertising, including a quotation that was frequently repeated to the public through the local time-temperature telephone service:[3]
"Guitars, drums, ukeleles, pianos, everything musical at Werlein's"
Competition
Store front of Grunewald Music Store on Canal Street in New Orleans in 1894
In the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century, New Orleans was a cultural center, especially for the American South. At-home, amateur music performance as a form of home entertainment was prevalent, and so the market for sheet music was large, particularly for piano music and solo voice music. During that time period, New Orleans had several large music retailers and music publishing houses, the most dominant being Werlein's for Music, Grunewald House of Music, and Blackmar.[4]:pp1-5
The Grunewald House Of Music peaked as a retailer between 1900 and 1930. Louis Grunewald entered the music business selling several popular lines of upright and player pianos, and his store also offered pianos under the “L. Grunewald Piano Company” brand name. The name appears to be a private label brand manufactured by the Bradbury Piano Company and also by the Winter Piano Company. Werlein's for Music and Grunewald House of Music were both located on Canal Street nearby each other. Like Werlein's House of Music, Grunewald also had a theatre to serve as a music venue.[7]
In 1858, the brothers Armand Blackmar and Henry Clay Blackmar opened a music store in Vicksburg, Mississippi. In 1860, they relocated their business to New Orleans. Their business included music publishing. Armand Blackmar became a Civil War sympathizer and published much music on behalf of the Confederate cause. This included the piece The Bonnie Blue Flag, which became popular among people in the Confederate States of America. Armand Blackmar was arrested during the United States Civil War by Union General Benjamin Butler, being briefly imprisoned and then fined $500. His inventory was seized by the Union Army. For this reason, much of the Blackmar music business focused on music publishing when it reopened following the end of hostilities. Like Grunewald and Werlein, the Blackmar music business was also located on Canal Street in New Orleans for much of its history. It was reported that Blackmar worked as a clerk at Werlein's for Music for a time during that period, despite being competitors. The Blackmar music business appears to have faded by 1897.[4]:pp55-71
There were also a significant number of minor music publishers and music retailers in New Orleans and the region through the nineteenth century and through the first half of the twentieth century. However, Werlein's for Music was the most enduring of all the New Orleans area firms, including Grunewald and Blackmar.[4]:pp1-5
Liquidation
By the late twentieth century and early twenty-first century, music retailing became increasingly dominated by internet sales, discount stores, and national chain music retailers. This new type of competition doomed Werlein's for Music. The main store on Canal Street closed in the early 1990s. Its last store, which was in suburban Metairie, Louisiana, closed in 2003. These new competitors had buying power that regional firms such as Werlein's for Music could not match.[1][8]
As of 2010, a remnant of the Werlein's for Music company continued to own the property where the Canal Street store was housed. A tenant included a high end restaurant.[3]
At the time that the last Werlein's for Music store closed in 2003, John Parham Werlein, great-grandson of the founder, was chairman of the board of the firm. At that time, Bitsie Werlein Mouton, great-great-granddaughter of the founder, was president of the firm. In 2003, Werlein's for Music was the oldest retailer in New Orleans.[8]
Following its liquidation in 2003, the owners donated company scrapbooks to The Historic New Orleans Collection. These scrapbooks emphasized the store's history in the nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth century.[3]
Representative sheet music publications
In the mid to late nineteenth century, Werlein's for Music published anthologies of sheet music in its journals, "The Song Journal" and "Werlein's Journal of Music". Werlein's for Music published an estimated several hundred pieces of sheet music over the time it was in the publishing business. About a third of the music pieces published by Werlein's for Music during this time period do not bear a date of copyright or publication. This list below is from the Civil War period and the immediate post-war period. A more complete listing of sheet music publications by Werlein's for Music is given in the reference. The same reference reports that Werlein's for Music was the most prolific music publishing firms of the various music publishing firm that existed in New Orleans at the time.[4]
Original cover art of the sheet music for Maryland! My Maryland
"The Young Couple Polka", published in 1853, composed by C. Cook, and arranged for piano
"President Jefferson Davis Grand March", published in 1861, composed by Mrs. Flora Byrna
"Dixie", composed by Daniel Decatur Emmett in 1859, published by Werlein in 1861
"Maryland! My Maryland", published in 1862
"Gems of German Song", a pair of ballads published between 1867 and 1877
"The Louisiana Field Artillery Quickstep (Beanham's Battery)", four-hand piano pieces composed by Morgan G. Kennedy
"The Thematic List of Songs Suitable for All Occasions", opening measures of songs published by Werlein's for Music during the period 1870 - 1893, divided into various themes
"Mardi Gras March", published in 1881 and composed by Mrs. Estelle Hayden and dedicated to the Christian Woman's Exchange
Legacy and influence
Through its century and a half existence, Werlein's for Music had significant impact on the musical heritage, culture, and musical skills of New Orleans and its people, through its retail business, music publishing, music lessons, ticket sales, and sponsorship of school bands and local musical events. Several notable professional musicians either had their start with Werlein's for Music or later became patrons of their retail business. Examples include: Fats Domino, Pete Fountain, the Assunto Brothers, Harry Connick Jr., Kid Ory,[9]Buddy Bolden, Peter Bocage, and Van Cliburn.[3]
As owners and managers of Werlein's for Music, the Werlein family was active in the National Association of Music Merchants, an industry trade group. Philip Peter Werlein IV served as president of the organization. His daughter Bitsie Werlein Mouton, while president of Werlein's for Music, was a member of the trade group's board of directors, as was John Parham Werlein, who was the last chairman of the board of Werlein's for Music.[10]
Canal Street is a major thoroughfare in the city of New Orleans. Forming the upriver boundary of the city's oldest neighborhood, the French Quarter or Vieux Carré, it served historically as the dividing line between the colonial-era (18th-century) city and the newer American Sector, today's Central Business District.
The Central Business District (CBD) is a neighborhood of the city of New Orleans, Louisiana, United States.
P. P. Werlein (1812–1885) was an American music publisher, piano dealer, and musical instrument retailer based in New Orleans, Louisiana in the 19th century. Among other Civil War songs, he published the sheet music for "Dixie". The retail music stores that he founded, Werlein's for Music, were among the largest in the American South during much of the more than 150 year existence of the stores.
John Hill Hewitt was an American composer, playwright, and poet. He is best known for his songs about the American South, including "A Minstrel's Return from the War", "The Soldier's Farewell", "The Stonewall Quickstep", and "Somebody's Darling". His output during the American Civil War earned him the epithets "Bard of the Stars and Bars" and "Bard of the Confederacy".
The 10th Ward is a division of the city of New Orleans, Louisiana. The 10th Ward is one of the 17 wards of New Orleans. The ward is one of the city's Uptown wards, formerly the old Faubourg Lafayette annexed by New Orleans in the 1850s.
Hal Leonard LLC is an American music publishing and distribution company founded in Winona, Minnesota, by Harold "Hal" Edstrom, his brother, Everett "Leonard" Edstrom, and fellow musician Roger Busdicker. Currently headquartered in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, it is the largest sheet music publisher in the world. It is now part of Muse Group.
The Roosevelt New Orleans in New Orleans, Louisiana, is a 504-room hotel owned by AVR Realty Company and Dimension Development and managed by Waldorf Astoria Hotels & Resorts. The hotel was originally built by Louis Grunewald, a German immigrant, and opened in 1893 as "The Hotel Grunewald."
J. W. Pepper & Son, Inc. is a privately owned, American sheet music retailer based in Exton, Pennsylvania. The company is credited with being the largest sheet music retailer in the world, with over 750,000 titles in its catalog. Customers who buy music from Pepper include individual musicians, community organizations and professional ensembles, with the main customer base being school and church music directors.
One Canal Place, located at 365 Canal Street in the Central Business District of New Orleans, Louisiana, is a 32-story, 440 feet (134 m)-tall skyscraper. The building contains The Shops at Canal Place and is attached to the Westin New Orleans Canal Place hotel, with which it shares a parking garage.
Chappell & Co. was an English company that published music and manufactured pianos. Founded by pianist Samuel Chappell, the company was one of the leading music publishers and piano manufacturers in Britain until 1980 when Chappell sold its retail activities to concentrate solely on music publishing.
Alfred Music is an American music publishing company. Founded in New York in 1922, it is headquartered in Van Nuys, California, with additional branches in Miami, New York, Germany, Singapore, and the United Kingdom.
Claiborne Williams was an American musician, bandleader, and music teacher.
Armand Edward Blackmar, was born in Vermont in 1826, to parents Reuben Harmon and Amanda (Cushman) Blackmar. Armand, with his brother, Henry, was the founder of Blackmar Brothers, a music publishing company. Begun in 1860, this publishing company was originally based out of New Orleans, Louisiana, and later Augusta, Georgia. This would become the most successful publisher of music of the Confederacy during American Civil War, issuing about half the songs released during that era. A.E. was best known for the patriotic songs he wrote.
The Aeolian Company was a musical-instrument making firm whose products included player organs, pianos, sheet music, records and phonographs. Founded in 1887, it was at one point the world's largest such firm. During the mid 20th century, it surpassed Kimball to become the largest supplier of pianos in the United States, having contracts with Steinway & Sons due to its Duo-Art system of player pianos. It went out of business in 1985.
Sam Ash Music was founded in 1924, and is the largest family-owned chain of musical instrument stores in the United States, with 44 locations in 16 states. With corporate headquarters in Hicksville, New York, Sam Ash sells musical instruments, recording equipment, DJ and lighting equipment, and professional sound.
Sherman, Clay & Co. was an American musical instruments retailer—mainly pianos—and a publisher and seller of sheet music, founded in San Francisco. Founded in 1853 as A. A. Rosenberg, it was sold to Leander Sherman and Clement Clay in 1870 and was incorporated as Sherman, Clay & Company in 1892. During the 20th century, it gradually expanded its retail operation into a nationwide chain of stores, and by the 1980s it had around 60 stores. It was based in San Francisco until at least the 1970s. In 2013, the company closed or sold its last retail stores.
The Palings Building is a heritage-listed retail building located at 86 Queen Street, Brisbane City, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Richard Gailey as one of a row of four identical buildings and built from 1885 to 1919 by Patten & Son. Two of the four buildings have since been demolished while a third survives but is incorporated into another building. The Palings building was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992; at that time, the building was used for the City International Duty Free store.
Schwegmann Brothers Giant Supermarkets, commonly known as Schwegmann or colloquially Schwegmann's, is a defunct grocery store chain that served the New Orleans, Louisiana, metropolitan area and one location in Baton Rouge until 1997. The chain developed significant innovations in grocery retailing and influenced other big box retailers that emerged in the latter 20th century and early 21st century. The founder and chief executive of the modern version of the chain was John G. Schwegmann, although his uncle and grandfather ran predecessors to the modern chain.
Elizebeth Thomas Werlein is considered responsible for the preservation of the French Quarter of New Orleans. She was also one of the first women to fly in a plane and she was a philanthropist in the city.
Marguerite Elie Samuel was an American composer and pianist who spent many years in France. She published her music as Mme. L. Samuel.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.
