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A scold's bridle, sometimes called a witch's bridle, a gossip's bridle, a brank's bridle, or simply branks, was an instrument of punishment, as a form of public humiliation. It was an iron muzzle in an iron framework that enclosed the head. A bridle-bit, about 2 in × 1 in in size, was slid into the mouth and pressed down on top of the tongue, often with a spike on the tongue, as a compress. It functioned to silence the wearer from speaking entirely, and caused extreme pain and physiological trauma to scare and intimidate the wearer into submission. The scold's bridle was overwhelmingly used on women, often at the request of husbands or other family members. This prevented speaking and resulted in many unpleasant side effects for the wearer, including excessive salivation and fatigue in the mouth. For extra humiliation, a bell could also be attached to draw in crowds. The wearer was then led around town by a leash.
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Carl Harbaugh was an American film actor, screenwriter and director.
Hardee Kirkland was an American film actor and director of the silent era who appeared on stage. Kirkland was born in Savannah, Georgia, the son of former Confederate Brigadier General William Whedbee Kirkland and the older brother of the actress Elizabeth Kirkland, who performed as Odette Tyler. He appeared in more than 40 films between 1915 and 1925. He also directed more than 30 films between 1912 and 1914. He died in Los Angeles, California, at the age of 60.
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A Splendid Hazard is a 1920 American silent drama film directed by Allan Dwan and starring Henry B. Walthall. The film is based on the 1910 book of the same name. The film was produced by the Mayflower Photoplay Company. It is not known whether the film currently survives; this suggests that it may be a lost film.
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A Man Among Men is a 1912 American silent film drama produced by Hardee Kirkland. The film stars Carl Winterhoff Adrienne Kroell. The film status is uncertain, but a release flier survives which is now at the Margaret Herrick Library at the Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences; it was part of the Charles G. Clarke collection. The film was distributed by the General Film Company and was released on November 18, 1912. The film reel was 3,300 feet.
The Pink Opera-Cloak, also as The Pink Opera Cloak is a 1913 American silent film drama produced by Hardee Kirkland. The film stars Adrienne Kroell, Lillian Logan, Rose Evans and Carl Winterhoff. The film status is uncertain but a release flier survives which is now at the Margaret Herrick Library at the Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences, it was part of the Charles G. Clarke collection.
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They Like 'Em Rough is a 1922 silent comedy film directed by Harry Beaumont and starring Viola Dana, W.E. Lawrence and Hardee Kirkland.
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References
- ↑ Solomon p.242
