William P. Crowell | |
---|---|
![]() | |
14th Deputy Director of the National Security Agency | |
In office 2 February 1994 –12 September 1997 | |
Preceded by | Robert L. Prestel |
Succeeded by | Barbara A. McNamara |
Personal details | |
Born | William Perry Crowell,Jr. November 26,1940 Louisiana,U.S. |
Spouse | Judy |
Children | two |
Residence(s) | Leesburg,Virginia |
Profession | independent consultant in information technology,security and intelligence systems,intelligence official |
William Perry Crowell (born November 26,1940) is the former Deputy Director of the National Security Agency.
Crowell was born in Baton Rouge,Louisiana in 1940. His family moved to Dallas,TX in 1952 where he attended Woodrow Wilson High School. He was a member of the ROTC reaching the rank of Lt. Colonel,was a member of the rifle team and led the Pershing Rifles performance group. In 1956 he was elected President of Key Club International,a high school community service organization of 65,000 members and in that capacity traveled extensively,including a trip with Radio Free Europe to European capitals for meetings with senior officials of West Germany,Berlin,Paris and London. A native of Louisiana,Crowell currently resides in Leesburg,Virginia with his wife Judy. [1] [2] [3]
Crowell entered on duty with the National Security Agency in July 1962. His first assignment was as a recruiter for Masters and PhD graduates in Engineering,Mathematics,Physics and Computer Science at leading universities. [4] After serving in several capacities in HR,he accepted a division chief assignment overseas. Upon completing that assignment,he returned to headquarters as a special assistant to the Director NSA in the Office of the Executive Director and served under two directors of the Agency in that capacity. During the remainder of his early career at NSA he served in a wide variety of assignments including Head of special projects for A Group (Operations Analysis);Deputy Chief of Counterintelligence (and acting Chief) for A Group;Chief of Staff for A2,Deputy Chief R&D for military systems;Assistant Deputy Director for Administration,Chief of the Science and Technology Organization;Chief of the Analysis Organization for the Soviet Union;and Deputy Director for Plans and Programs. In July 1989 he resigned from the National Security Agency.
Vice President at Atlantic Aerospace Electronics Corporation (1989–1990) In 1989 Crowell became Vice President and Director of Space Systems of Atlantic Aerospace Electronics Corporation. Atlantic Aerospace worked in many areas of research and development,including imagery processing techniques,signals processing,mathematics research,high-precision radar,and low-observable technology. Mr. Crowell established a new business that drew upon the technology strengths of the company to produce products for the Intelligence Community and successfully positioned the company to perform satellite systems work for the Aerospace Corporation and the NRO. [5]
Crowell returned to the NSA in 1990 just days before the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait to become Chief of Staff of the Agency. As Chief of Staff,Mr. Crowell directed the daily activities of the office of the Director and Deputy Director of NSA,including the oversight of congressional relations and external customer relations. He represented the Director and Deputy Director in external activities,including public speeches,intelligence community boards,congressional testimony and oversight boards. In response to the challenges of Desert Shield and Desert Storm,Mr. Crowell developed a number of information systems,including networks,information displays,analyst support systems,and video- conferencing systems that provided the Directorate with access to real time information and also were used to improve analyst interaction and production.
The Operations Directorate performs the Signals Intelligence mission of NSA. It operates collection facilities around the world,processes the collected signals and produces intelligence reports for senior policy makers,and military leaders. Mr. Crowell made major changes in the scope,cost,and efficiency of these operations. He closed the majority of the conventional collection sites around the world,many of which employed several thousand people,and replaced them with a new structure of remoted collection systems in three regional collection facilities. He began the development of new collection systems that focused on modern telecommunications and information technologies and the emerging global Internet. He fostered the development of tools to improve analytic efficiency and effectiveness,including high-performance networks,automated textual analysis and language support systems,and artificial intelligence techniques. He was the leading force in the establishment of the Regional Centers that were central to NSA’s ability to grow and develop its military workforce in all of the cryptologic skills.
President Clinton appointed Mr. Crowell as Deputy Director in February 1994,the senior civilian position in the National Security Agency. In this position,he served as chief operating officer of the Agency,guiding and directing the development of strategies and policy and serving as the principal advisor to the Director. He represented the Agency before congressional committees,presidential boards,and the public media. He fostered broad reexamination of core business processes,resulting in dramatic changes in strategic direction designed to cope with the continuing and rapid changes in cryptography,communications and information technology. [6]
Crowell retired from the NSA in September 1997.
Vice President for Product Management,Cylink Corp. (CYLK) January 1998 –November 1998 Mr. Crowell joined Cylink,a public company specializing in cybersecurity as VP of Product Management responsible for guiding the development and marketing of Cylink’s large array of cybersecurity products including encryption devices,key management systems,a public key infrastructure for the USPS (PKI),identity management devices and network security management. [7] [8]
President and CEO of Cylink Corp. (CYLK) November 1998 –February 2003 Crowell was appointed as President and CEO of Cylink after a restating of the company’s financials forced a change in leadership for the company. During his tenure he guided its development of additional products,two acquisitions of cyber companies,divestiture of two companies and its movefrom Sunnyvale,CA to Santa Clara,CA. In 2003 he managed the merger of Cylink with another public cybersecurity company,SafeNet Corporation,Baltimore,Maryland. [9]
Director -- ArcSight Corp.(ARST) March 2003 –October 2010 Acquired by HP Chairman –Broadware Technologies Santa Clara,CA 2002 –2007 Acquired by Cisco in 2007 Chairman –Activcard (aka ActivIdenity) Freemont,CA 2003 –2006 Director –Narus Corp. Mountain View,CA 2003 –2010 Acquired by Boeing in 2010 Director –Proximex Corp Sunnyvale,CA 2007 –2011 Acquired by ADT Director –Ounce Labs Boston,Massachusetts 2006 –2009 Acquired by IBM Director –Air Patrol Columbia,MD 2006 –2014 Acquired by Inpixon Director –Sun Microsystems subsidiary SUNFED 2008 –2010 Acquired by Oracle Director –Fixmo,Ottawa,Canada and Delaware Corp. 2009 –2014 Acquired by Good Technologies Director -- SAP GSS subsidiary of SAP 2011 –2013 Director -- DRS Finmeccanica Proxy Board 2008 -- 2011 Director –Six3 Systems 2009 –2013 Acquired by CACI Chairman –Centripetal Cybersecurity 2010 –2017 Director –Seaport Technologies 2019 –present Director –Redacted,Inc. 2022 –present
Advisory Boards (selected 2003 –present) Unisys Corp Boeing Corp Hidden Level Technology ManTech International HRL Laboratory Kuprion,Inc. RunSafe Corp. Anametric,Inc. Lookingglass Cyber EdgeTheory,LL
1988 Harvard University Program’s Defense Policy Seminar 1985 the Harvard University Program for Senior Executives in National and International Security Affairs 1962-1966 George Washington University Master's Program in Computer Science 1962 Louisiana State University,Bachelor of Arts/Political Science
Assignments 1997-Retired 1994-1997 Deputy Director of the National Security Agency 1991—1994 Deputy Director of Operations,NSA 1990-1991 Chief of Staff,NSA 1989-1990 Vice President,Intelligence and Space Systems,Atlantic Aerospace Electronics Corporation 1988-1989 Deputy Director for Plans and Resources,NSA 1985-1988 Chief of A Group 1983-1985 Chief of W Group 1981–1983 Assistant Deputy Director of Administration,NSA 1979–1981 Deputy Chief of R2 1975–1979 Chief of Staff,A2 Before 1975,Mr. Crowell served in various positions at NSA Headquarters,CIA,and overseas.
2002 Secretary of Defense Medal for Outstanding Public Service 1997 National Security Medal 1997 National Intelligence Distinguished Service Medal 1997 DIA Director’s Award 1997 FBI Distinguished Service Award 1996 Department of Defense Distinguished Civilian Service Award 1987 Distinguished Executive Presidential Rank Award
1985 2nd Exceptional Civilian Service Award 1983 Exceptional Civilian Service Award 1973 Meritorious Civilian Service Award 1979-1988 Elevated through the ranks to the Senior Cryptologic Executive Service
Crowell’s background is somewhat eclectic. During his early days in Louisiana he loved to fish and got to know the rivers and swamps of the bayou country with his grandfather and uncle. He earned his way through college working for an engineering firm as a surveyor in the Atchafalaya Swamp,and a survey boat driver on the Mississippi River. During his college years he did two week-long cross country hikes and fly fishing trips in the North Carolina mountains and streams,scuba diving in the Rainbow River in Florida,and was the chef for many of the fraternity offsite gatherings. Because of his earlier days as President of Key Club International,he also served as freshman,sophomore and junior class leader at LSU and was often called upon to give speeches to local service organizations.
After moving to the Washington DC area,his interests continued to broaden. Bill became a carpenter and built much of the furniture in his home,an accomplished photographer who built his own darkroom,and an artist who entered paintings,pottery and sculptures in a number of the local art shows.
After training in the art of pottery under teachers from the famed Penland School of Craft,pottery became a serious passion. Crowell opened his own studio where he taught glaze chemistry,wheel thrown pottery on kick wheels he built,and raku firing in a wood-fired kiln he also crafted.
Eventually,the pressures of his job in the Intelligence Community took priority forcing Bill to give up these many passions and focus most of his time and energy on his national security interests.
Bill and his wife Judy turned to the great outdoors for recreation,buying their first touring motorcycles in the mid 70’s and spending their vacations touring the Eastern United States. They traveled together,each on their own motorcycle,to virtually every state east of the Mississippi River,staying in Park Lodges or Bed and Breakfasts,fly fishing the local rivers,and sampling the cuisine of all the best restaurants in each of the towns and cities they visited. After 45 years of exploring the country,COVID unfortunately made travel an unreasonable risk.
Bill and Judy had learned to ski in their early days together and managed to make that a passion as well,traveling to ski resorts in Maryland,West Virginia,Pennsylvania,New Hampshire,Vermont,and Maine. After tackling the Austrian and Swiss Alps they decided to ski the slopes of Colorado at Aspen,Snowmass,and Steamboat Springs for the rest of their years of skiing.
After moving to California,the couple visited virtually every National Park /in the west as their travels took them to all eleven states/ west of the Rockies and to Canada. Their 10 to 18 day tours carried them through extremes of climate and terrain,ranging from the 120+ degree deserts of Nevada and California to the snow-covered mountains of Montana,Canada and Oregon. When they returned to the East Coast they continued their motorcycling adventures with more travels down the Blue Ridge Parkway annually.
Crowell’s adventuresome inclinations did not end with motorcycling or skiing. Of his approach to national security interests,he often said,“I like to kick the tires and experience what the people in the field are experiencing.”His “tire kicking”included aircraft carrier landings,at-sea transfers to submarines,visits to conflict zones,helicopter trips to very remote and sometimes ancient places,and most exciting of all:a six-hour flight in the U2 spy plane at altitudes above 70,000 feet with substantial time at the yoke.
Mike McConnell is a former vice admiral in the United States Navy. During his naval career he served as Director of the National Security Agency from 1992 to 1996. His civilian career includes serving as the United States Director of National Intelligence from 20 February 2007 to 27 January 2009 during the Bush administration and also seven days of the Obama administration. He is currently Vice Chairman at Booz Allen Hamilton.
The Central Security Service (CSS) is a combat support agency of the United States Department of Defense which was established in 1972 to integrate the National Security Agency (NSA) and the Service Cryptologic Components (SCC) of the United States Armed Forces in the field of signals intelligence,cryptology,and information assurance at the tactical level. In 2002,the CSS had approximately 25,000 uniformed members. It is part of the United States Intelligence Community.
William Bolding Black Jr. is a former Deputy Director of the National Security Agency.
Booz Allen Hamilton Holding Corporation is the parent of Booz Allen Hamilton Inc.,an American government and military contractor,specializing in intelligence. It is headquartered in McLean,Virginia,in Greater Washington,D.C.,with 80 other offices around the globe. The company's stated core business is to provide consulting,analysis and engineering services to public and private sector organizations and nonprofits.
Keith Brian Alexander is a retired four-star general of the United States Army,who served as director of the National Security Agency,chief of the Central Security Service,and commander of the United States Cyber Command. He previously served as Deputy Chief of Staff,G-2 (Intelligence),United States Army from 2003 to 2005. He assumed the positions of Director of the National Security Agency and Chief of the Central Security Service on August 1,2005,and the additional duties as Commander United States Cyber Command on May 21,2010.
Narus Inc. was a software company and vendor of big data analytics for cybersecurity.
Michael Vincent Hayden is a retired United States Air Force four-star general and former Director of the National Security Agency,Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence,and Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. He also serves as a professor at the George Mason University - Schar School of Policy and Government. Hayden currently co-chairs the Bipartisan Policy Center's Electric Grid Cyber Security Initiative. In 2017,Hayden became a national security analyst for CNN.
The director of the National Security Agency (DIRNSA) is the highest-ranking official of the National Security Agency,which is a defense agency within the U.S. Department of Defense. The director of the NSA also concurrently serves as the Chief of the Central Security Service (CHCSS) and as the commander of U.S. Cyber Command (USCYBERCOM). As the director of the NSA and the chief of the CSC,the officeholder reports to the under secretary of defense for intelligence,and as the commander of U.S. Cyber Command,the officeholder reports directly to the secretary of defense.
John Chris Inglis,also known as Chris Inglis,is an American government official who served as the first National Cyber Director. Inglis is also a former Deputy Director of the National Security Agency. On April 12,2021 President Joe Biden nominated Inglis to serve as the first National Cyber Director. His nomination was confirmed by the Senate by voice vote on June 17,2021. He was sworn into office on July 11,2021. He resigned from the position on February 15,2023.
Ann Zeilinger Caracristi was an American cryptanalyst,former Deputy Director of the National Security Agency,where she served at various positions over a 40-year career. She served as a member of the Secretary of Defense Joint Security Commission and President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board. She became the first woman at NSA to be promoted to GS-18 rank,in 1975,when she became the Chief of Research and Operations.
Scott F. Large is an American intelligence officer who served as the sixteenth Director of the National Reconnaissance Office from 2007 to 2009. He previously served as the Principal Deputy Director of the National Reconnaissance Office from April to October 2007,and as the Central Intelligence Agency's Associate Deputy Director for Science and Technology.
Paul Allan Schneider is a former United States Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security. He had previously served as the Under Secretary of Homeland Security for Management. He was responsible for all the department's budget,appropriations,expenditure of funds,accounting and finance;procurement;human resources and personnel;information technology systems;facilities,property,equipment,and other material resources;and identification and tracking of performance measurements.
Howard C. Barlow (1918–2003) was an American cryptographer,telecommunications expert,and high-ranking civilian employee of the National Security Agency (NSA) of the United States.
Elizabeth Ann Hight is a retired United States Navy rear admiral who served as the vice director of the Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA). She assumed this post in December 2007. In 2008,she was nominated for appointment to the grade of vice admiral and assignment as director,Defense Information Systems Agency;commander,Joint Task Force –Global Network Operations;and deputy commander,U.S. Strategic Command Global Network Operations and Defense,Arlington,Virginia. Her nomination was rejected by the Senate due to a perceived conflict of interest with her husband,retired Air Force Brigadier General Gary Salisbury,who is vice president of business development and sales for Northrop Grumman Corp.'s mission systems sector,defense mission systems division. She retired from the Navy in 2010.
Gerald Robert Young was an American intelligence official who was Deputy Director of the National Security Agency from 1988 to 1990,under director William O. Studeman during which time he was the highest ranking civilian in the agency. During his time at the NSA he also held the position of Deputy Director for Plans and Policy.
K. Stuart "Stu" Shea is an American business executive and leader and intelligence professional serving in a leadership capacity to public and private companies,as well as an advisor to government agencies,private equity investors,and academic institutions. Shea is chairman,president and chief executive officer of Peraton,a national security technology company. He is the former president and chief operating officer of Leidos,chief operating officer of Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC),and founder and emeritus chairman of the United States Geospatial Intelligence Foundation.
Brigadier GeneralGregory (Greg) J. Touhill is Director of the world renowned Carnegie Mellon University Software Engineering Institute’s CERT Division. Previously,he was the president of AppGate Federal Group . He was previously appointed by President Barack Obama as the first Federal Chief Information Security Officer of the United States,stepping down in January,2017. He was previously the Deputy Assistant Secretary,Office of Cybersecurity and Communications,National Programs and Protection Directorate,Department of Homeland Security. While at DHS he concurrently served as Director of the National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center (NCCIC) during 2014–2015.
James C. King is a retired United States Army Lieutenant General. A career Military Intelligence officer,he served on active duty from 1968 to 2001. At the time of his retirement he was serving as the Director of the National Imagery and Mapping Agency,one of the intelligence agencies of the United States Intelligence Community.
Robert E. Joyce is an American cybersecurity official who served as special assistant to the President and Cybersecurity Coordinator on the U.S. National Security Council. He also began serving as White House Homeland Security Adviser to President Donald Trump on an acting basis after the resignation of Tom Bossert from April 10,2018 to May 31,2018. He completed his detail to the White House in May 2018 and returned to the National Security Agency. where he is now the Senior Advisor to the Director NSA for Cyber Security Strategy,Joyce previously performed as acting Deputy Homeland Security Advisor since October 13,2017. On January 15,2021 the NSA announced that Joyce would replace Anne Neuberger as its Director of Cybersecurity.
Anne Neuberger is an American national security official who serves as the deputy national security advisor for cyber and emerging technology in the Biden administration. Prior to this role,she served for over a decade at the NSA,as director of cybersecurity,as assistant deputy director of operations,and as the agency's first chief risk officer. She joined the federal government as a White House fellow,working at the Pentagon,and subsequently served as deputy chief management officer of the Navy,before joining NSA. Before entering government service,Neuberger was senior vice president of operations at American Stock Transfer &Trust Company.