A yield co or yieldco is a company that is formed to own operating assets that produce a predictable cash flow, primarily through long term contracts. Separating volatile activities (such as development, R&D, construction) from stable activities of operating assets can lower the cost of capital. [1] Yield cos are expected to pay a major portion of their earnings in dividends, which may be a valuable source of funding for parent companies which own a sizeable stake. [2]
Yield cos are commonly used in the energy industry, particularly in renewable energy to protect investors against regulatory changes. [3] They serve the same purpose as master limited partnerships (MLPs) and real estate investment trusts (REITs), which most utilities can't form due to regulatory constraints. [4] Yield cos give investors a chance to participate in renewable energy without many of the risks associated with it. [4]
The number of yield cos grew rapidly in 2013 and 2014 through initial public offerings. They include:
There is also an ETF (Exchange Traded Fund)[ clarification needed ] that was set up by Global X Funds [ clarification needed ] under the ticker Symbol YLCO, which seeks investment results that correspond generally to the price and yield performance, of the Indxx Global YieldCo Index.
Deutsche Bank mentioned several benefits of creating yield cos for their parent companies: [9]
Deutsche Bank, Crossing the Chasm (February 2015) [9] —
- YieldCos enable investors to better value the company's ability to grow assets and assign a multiple on cashflows.
- By creating a YieldCo, solar companies have the option to create an IDR structure and potentially benefit from growth of the YieldCo in the longer term. Solar companies were previously not able to benefit from this strategy by simply selling projects to a YieldCo.
- More revenue streams can be dropped down into the YieldCos especially as assets continue to grow. One specific example is inclusion of O&M revenues from installed base of operating assets.
- YieldCos expand the investor base and contribute to valuation multiple expansion. Several energy/MLP/utility investors are looking to invest in solar companies that have announced plans to form a YieldCo.
Terra Firma Capital Partners Ltd. (TFCP) is a UK-based private equity firm. Financier Guy Hands founded the firm in 2002 through the spin-off of Nomura Principal Finance Group. The firm, which traces its roots to the formation of its predecessor in 1994, has invested over €14 billion since inception.
Masdar (Arabic:مصدر), also known as the Abu Dhabi Future Energy Company, is a renewable energy company based in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. It was founded in 2006 as a subsidiary of the UAE state-owned Mubadala Investment Company, and has developed and invested in renewable energy projects in 40 countries.
For solar power, South Asia has the ideal combination of both high solar insolation and a high density of potential customers.
The developing nations of Africa are popular locations for the application of renewable energy technology. Currently, many nations already have small-scale solar, wind, and geothermal devices in operation providing energy to urban and rural populations. These types of energy production are especially useful in remote locations because of the excessive cost of transporting electricity from large-scale power plants. The applications of renewable energy technology has the potential to alleviate many of the problems that face Africans every day, especially if done in a sustainable manner that prioritizes human rights.
Conergy was a multinational renewable energy company headquartered in Singapore. It was founded in Hamburg, Germany in 2000 by former CEO Hans-Martin Rüter, and specialized in the development, operation and maintenance of photovoltaic power plants and plant components.
SunEdison, Inc. is a renewable energy company headquartered in the U.S. In addition to developing, building, owning, and operating solar power plants and wind energy plants, it also manufactures high purity polysilicon, monocrystalline silicon ingots, silicon wafers, solar modules, solar energy systems, and solar module racking systems. Originally a silicon-wafer manufacturer established in 1959 as the Monsanto Electronic Materials Company, the company was sold by Monsanto in 1989.
Actis is a global investment firm focused on the private equity, energy, infrastructure, and real estate asset classes.
Marathon Capital is an independent investment bank delivering financial advice to the global energy and infrastructure markets. Marathon Capital specializes in the sale and financing of companies, portfolios and assets within these markets.
Invenergy is an American based multinational power generation development and operations company. The company develops, builds, owns and operates power generation and energy storage projects in the Americas, Europe and Asia, including wind, solar, and natural gas power generation and energy storage facilities. It is North America's largest privately held renewable power generation company.
Brookfield Renewable Partners L.P. is a publicly traded limited partnership that owns and operates renewable power assets, with corporate headquarters in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is 60% owned by Brookfield Asset Management.
Mosaic is a clean energy fin-tech company based in Oakland, California. Founded in 2010, Mosaic created its initial business model using crowdfunding principals to offer loans for commercial solar development projects. After shifting its model in 2014, Mosaic Inc. is now focused on financing residential solar projects by leveraging third party capital partners. Through this model, the company aims to democratize the social and environmental benefits of clean energy.
The Jasper Solar Energy Project is a 96 megawatt (MW) photovoltaic power station, located 120 km west of Kimberley, in South Africa's Northern Cape. Construction of the project was completed in October 2014 and it is fully operational to power up to 80,000 homes.
Hindustan Powerprojects Private Ltd. (HPPPL), formerly known as Moser Baer Projects Pvt Ltd, is an electrical power developer in India, started by Ratul Puri. It operates in power generation, power trading, EPC, and development and renewables across thermal, solar, hydro and mining vertical markets. The company holds assets of around ₹ 14,500 crore to date, and is the fastest growing integrated power company in India.
First Wind is an independent renewable energy company. It develops and operates utility-scale power projects in the United States. It employs more than 220 workers.
Energix Renewable Energies Ltd. is a power producer specializing in renewable energy, currently active mainly in the field of Photovoltaics and Wind power. Energix is a public company traded in the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange since May 2011.
8minute Solar Energy is an American photovoltaic (PV) developer of utility-scale PV power plants and energy storage.
The Escalante Solar Project is a 240 MWAC (315 MWp) photovoltaic power station located about 5 miles north of the town of Milford in Beaver County, Utah. The project was developed by SunEdison, built by Mortenson Construction, and commissioned in September 2016. The power is being sold under three separate 20-year power purchase agreements to Rocky Mountain Power which serves customers in Utah, Idaho, and Wyoming. At 1900 acres (3.0 sq miles), it is the largest grouping of photovoltaic generators in the state of Utah.
The Enterprise Solar Farm is an 80 MWAC (105 MWp) photovoltaic power station located about 25 miles west of Cedar City, Utah in Iron County. The project was developed by SunEdison, built by Mortenson Construction, and commissioned in September 2016. The electricity is being sold under a 20-year power purchase agreement to Rocky Mountain Power which serves customers in Utah, Idaho, and Wyoming.
Three Cedars Solar Project is a 210 MWAC (265 MWp) photovoltaic power station consisting of three units extending about 15 miles northwest of Cedar City, Utah. The project was developed by SunEdison, built with its global team of partners, and commissioned in September 2016. The electricity and renewable energy credits are being sold to Rocky Mountain Power under three separate 20-year power purchase agreements.
Thomas Hubertus Büttgenbach is an American businessman in the solar industry. He is the co-founder, CEO and president of 8minute Solar Energy, an independent solar and storage developer.
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