Related Research Articles
Politics of India works within the framework of the country's Constitution. India is a parliamentary secular democratic republic in which the president of India is the head of state &first citizen of India and the Prime Minister of India is the head of government. It is based on the federal structure of government,although the word is not used in the Constitution itself. India follows the dual polity system,i.e. federal in nature,that consists of the central authority at the centre and states at the periphery. The Constitution defines the organizational powers and limitations of both central and state governments;it is well recognised,fluid and considered supreme,i.e. the laws of the nation must conform to it. India is officially declared a secular and socialist state as per the Constitution.
The Rajya Sabha,also known as the Council of States,is the upper house of the bicameral Parliament of India. As of 2023,it has a maximum membership of 245,of which 233 are elected by the legislatures of the states and union territories using single transferable votes through open ballots,while the president can appoint 12 members for their contributions to art,literature,science,and social service. The total allowed capacity is 250 according to article 80 of the Indian Constitution. The current potential seating capacity of the Rajya Sabha is 245,after the Jammu and Kashmir (Reorganisation) Act. The maximum seats of 250 members can be filled up at the discretion and requirements of the house of Rajya Sabha.
The Samajwadi Party is a socialist political party in India. It was founded on 4 October 1992 by former Janata Dal politician Mulayam Singh Yadav and is headquartered in New Delhi. The Samajwadi Party is currently led by former Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh,Akhilesh Yadav.
India has a parliamentary system as defined by its constitution,with power distributed between the union government and the states. India's democracy is the largest democracy in the world.
Mizoram is the only Lok Sabha constituency in the Northeast Indian state of Mizoram,and covers the entire area of the state. The seat is reserved for Scheduled Tribes. Its first member of parliament (MP) was Sangliana of the Mizo Union who represented this constituency in the Fifth Lok Sabha when it became a union territory on 21 January 1972. On 20 February 1987,Mizoram was converted into a State of India. As of the 2024 elections,this constituency's MP is Richard Vanlalhmangaiha of the Zoram People's Movement.
Nagaland Lok Sabha constituency is the only Lok Sabha constituency in the Northeastern state of Nagaland.
The 13th Lok Sabha is the thirteenth session of the Lok Sabha. It was convened after 1999 Indian general election held during September–October 1999.
The 12th Lok Sabha,was constituted after the 1998 Indian general election held during February–March 1998. This was the second consecutive Lok Sabha,like the 11th Lok Sabha elections that did not provide the country with a stable government. Atal Bihari Vajpayee became the 10th Prime Minister of India but the government lasted for only about thirteen months due to no clear mandate. Also,the party was not able to get support from other parties,after the withdrawal of support by AIADMK. After his resignation,then President K. R. Narayanan asked Sonia Gandhi,the leader of the opposition in the Lok Sabha to form the government;however,Gandhi responded that the UPA would not be able to form a government at the center,following which President Narayanan dissolved the House. The next General elections of 1999 for 13th Lok Sabha provided India a stable government that lasted for full five years. Nine sitting members from Rajya Sabha,the Upper House of Indian Parliament,were elected to 12th Lok Sabha after the 1998 Indian general election.
The 11th Lok Sabha was constituted after April–May 1996 general elections. The result of the election was a hung parliament,which would see three Prime Ministers in two years and force the country back to the polls in 1998. Atal Bihari Vajpayee of Bharatiya Janata Party,the single largest party to win this election,winning 67 more seats than previous 10th Lok Sabha,formed the government which lasted for only 13 days.
General elections were held in India between 25 October 1951 and 21 February 1952,the first national elections after India attained independence in 1947. Voters elected 489 members of the first Lok Sabha,the lower house of the Parliament of India. Elections to most of the state legislatures were held simultaneously.
Amethi is one of the 80 Lok Sabha constituencies in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. This constituency covers the entire Amethi district and was created in 1967. Like its neighbouring constituency Rae Bareli,it is considered to be a bastion of the Indian National Congress. Its first member of parliament (MP) was Vidya Dhar Bajpai of the Indian National Congress (INC) who was elected in 1967 and held his seat in the next election in 1971. In the 1977 election,Ravindra Pratap Singh of the Janata Party became its MP. Singh was defeated in 1980 by Sanjay Gandhi of the INC. Later the same year,Gandhi died in a plane crash. This forced a by election in 1981 which was won by his brother,Rajiv Gandhi. Gandhi went on to represent this constituency until 1991,when he was assassinated by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). The subsequent by election held the same year was won by Satish Sharma of the INC. Sharma was re-elected in 1996. Sanjaya Sinh of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) defeated Sharma in the 1998 election. The widow of Rajiv Gandhi,Sonia Gandhi represented this constituency from 1999 to 2004. Her son,Rahul Gandhi,was elected in 2004. He was the fourth MP from the Nehru–Gandhi family since 1980 to represent the seat. Gandhi held the seat till the 2019 election when he was defeated by a margin of 55,000 votes by the BJP's Smriti Irani. Irani was defeated in 2024 by a margin of over 1.67 lakh votes by Kishori Lal Sharma of the Indian National Congress.
Mayiladuthurai is a Lok Sabha constituency in Tamil Nadu. Its Tamil Nadu Parliamentary Constituency number is 28 of 39. It spreads on two districts,Mayiladuthurai and Thanjavur.
Malkajgiri Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 17 Lok Sabha constituencies in the Indian state of Telangana. This constituency came into existence in 2008,following the implementation of delimitation of parliamentary constituencies based on the recommendations of the Delimitation Commission of India constituted in 2002.
Rekha Verma is an Indian politician from Uttar Pradesh,India. She is a National Vice President of the BJP from 2019. She was a two time Member of Parliament from Dhaurahra Lok Sabha constituency. She lost the 2024 Indian general election in Uttar Pradesh.
Harish Dwivedi is an Indian politician and a member of 16th and 17th Lok Sabha from the Basti as a member of Bharatiya Janata Party. He is currently the National Secretary of Bharatiya Janta Party.
A Member of Parliament in the Lok Sabha is the representative of a legislative constituency in the Lok Sabha;the lower house of the Parliament of India. Members of parliament of Lok Sabha are chosen by direct elections on the basis of the adult suffrage. The maximum permitted strength of members of parliament in the Lok Sabha is 550. This includes the maximum 530 members to represent the constituencies and states and up to 20 members to represent the union territories. Between 1952 and January 25,2020,two seats were reserved for members of the Anglo-Indian community. The current elected strength of the Lok Sabha is 543. The party—or coalition of parties—having a majority in the Lok Sabha chooses the Prime Minister of India.
Tarun Kanti Ghosh is an Indian politician. He was elected to the Lok Sabha,the lower house of the Parliament of India from the Barasat constituency of West Bengal in 1984 as a member of the Indian National Congress.
Sanford Marak is an Indian politician. He was elected to the Lok Sabha,the lower house of the Parliament of India from the Tura constituency of Meghalaya as a member of the Indian National Congress.
Seth Hembram is an Indian politician. He was elected to the Lok Sabha,lower house of the Parliament of India from Rajmahal,Bihar as a member of the Indian National Congress.
N. C. Samantsinhar was an Indian politician who served as a member of 2nd Lok Sabha from Bhubaneswar Lok Sabha constituency representing the Indian National Congress and a runner-up for 1962 Indian vice presidential election securing only 14 votes.
References
- ↑ "Biographical Sketch Member of Parliament". Lok Sabha. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
- ↑ List of Members of Electoral College for Presidential Election, 1992. The Commission. 1992. p. 22. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
- ↑ Statistical Report on General Elections, 1999, to the Thirteenth Lok Sabha: National and state abstracts & detailed results. Election Commission of India. 2000. p. 168. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
- ↑ "Parliamentary Constituency Map and Winning MP". Maps of India. Retrieved 30 January 2025.