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The Hafsids were a Sunni Muslim dynasty of Berber descent who ruled Ifriqiya from 1229 to 1574.
Mongol ruler Ghazan Khan converted to Islam.
Abu Zakariya Yahya (Arabic: أبو زكريا يحيى بن حفص, Abu Zakariya Yahya I ben Abd al-Wahid was the founder and first sultan of the Hafsid dynasty in Ifriqiya. He was the grandson of Sheikh Abu al-Hafs, the leader of the Hintata and second in command of the Almohads after Abd al-Mu'min.
The Marinid Sultanate was a Berber Muslim empire from the mid-13th to the 15th century which controlled present-day Morocco and, intermittently, other parts of North Africa and of the southern Iberian Peninsula (Spain) around Gibraltar. It was named after the Banu Marin, a Zenata Berber tribe. The sultanate was ruled by the Marinid dynasty, founded by Abd al-Haqq I.
Abu Al-Hasan 'Ali ibn 'Othman, was a sultan of the Marinid dynasty who reigned in Morocco between 1331 and 1348. In 1333 he captured Gibraltar from the Castilians, although a later attempt to take Tarifa in 1339 ended in fiasco. In North Africa he extended his rule over Tlemcen and Hafsid Ifriqiya, which together covered the north of what is now Algeria and Tunisia. Under him the Marinid realms in the Maghreb briefly covered an area that rivalled that of the preceding Almohad Caliphate. However, he was forced to retreat due to a revolt of the Arab tribes, was shipwrecked, and lost many of his supporters. His son Abu Inan Faris seized power in Fez. Abu Al-Hasan died in exile in the High Atlas mountains.
Yahya, also spelled Yehya, is an Arabic male given name. It is an Arabic form of the given name John, originally Hebrew Yohanan, i.e. primarily John the Baptist, who is known as Yahya ibn Zakariyya in Islam, and is considered a prophet in Islam. For this reason, Yahya is a comparatively common name in the Muslim world. The related Biblical name of Jehiah has the Arabic form Yaḥiyyā يَحِيَّى., having the same Arabic consonantal text as the name Yahya does.
Abu Sa'id Uthman II was the 9th Marinid sultan of Morocco, reigning from 1310 to 1331. A younger son of Abu Yusuf Yaqub ibn Abd al-Haqq, Abū Sa'īd 'Uthmān succeeded his nephew Abū al-Rabï' Sulaymān as Sultan of Morocco in November 1310, at the age of 33.
Abu 'Amr 'Uthman, regnal title al-Mutawakkil 'ala Allah was the Hafsid ruler of Ifriqiya, or modern Tunisia, eastern Algeria and western Libya, who reigned between 1435 and 1488. A Flemish merchant who arrived at his court in Tunis in 1470 described him as tall, thoughtful, just, and pious, and called him the "greatest, most powerful, and richest of all Moorish princes." His reign was a period of relative stability and of military and diplomatic successes for the Hafsid kingdom. Uthman would prove to be the last effective Hafsid ruler, and the dynasty entered a long decline after his death until the Ottomans captured Tunis in 1574. Modern historian Jamil Abun-Nasr has called him the "last drop of Hafsid glory."
Turkey–Morocco relations are the foreign relations between Morocco and Turkey, and spanned a period of several centuries, from the early 16th century when the Ottoman Empire neighbored Morocco to until modern times.
Abu Zakariya Yahya ibn Ziyan al-Wattasi (abū zakarīyā' yaḥyā ben ziyān al-waṭṭāsī Arabic: أبو زكرياء يحيى بن زيان الوطاس was a vizier of the Marinid sultan of Fez, regent and effective strongman ruler of Morocco from 1420 until 1448. He is the founder of the Wattasid dynasty of viziers and later sultans, and as such often designated as Yahya I in Wattasid lists. He was also known by his nickname Lazeraque, as found in Portuguese chronicles.
Abu Muhammad ar-Rashid Abd al-Wahid was an Almohad caliph who reigned from 1232 until his death.
Abu Faris al-Mustansir Abd al-Aziz ibn Ali was the Marinid Sultan of Morocco from 1366 until his death in 1372. He assumed the throne at a time when Marinid authority was in decline, but during his rule managed to reverse this trend. After his death the kingdom returned to anarchy.
Abu Said Uthman III, was Marinid ruler of Morocco from 19 March 1398 to 1420, the last effective ruler of that dynasty. He ascended to the throne at the age of sixteen. He succeeded his brother, Abu Amir Abdallah ibn Ahmad. His forces were involved in an unsuccessful attempt to acquire Gibraltar from the Emirate of Granada in 1410. In 1415 the Portuguese seized the port of Ceuta. Abu Said Uthman III failed in an attempt to recover Ceuta, and was shortly after assassinated. His vizier gained control of the kingdom, establishing the Wattasid dynasty of rulers of Morocco.
The Kingdom of Tlemcen or Zayyanid Kingdom of Tlemcen was a kingdom ruled by the Berber Zayyanid dynasty in what is now the northwest of Algeria. Its territory stretched from Tlemcen to the Chelif bend and Algiers, and at its zenith reached Sijilmasa and the Moulouya River in the west, Tuat to the south and the Soummam in the east.
Abu Said Uthman I, or "Othmane Ibn Yaghmoracen", or in Algerian arabic, ruled the Zenata Berber Kingdom of Tlemcen in Medieval Algeria from 1283 to 1303.
Abu Tashufin I, was the 5th Sultan of the Zayyanid dynasty ruling the Kingdom of Tlemcen, in medieval Algeria.
Abu Sa'id Uthman ibn Abi al-Ula was a Marinid prince who led an unsuccessful rebellion aiming to capture the throne, and fled to the Nasrid Emirate of Granada in its aftermath. There he served as the Commander of the Volunteers of the Faith of Granada, and became one of the most important political figures of the Nasrid realm.
Abu Yahya Abu Bakr II was the Hafsid caliph of Ifriqiya from 1318 to 1346. He was the son of Abu-Zakariyya Yahya III, emir of Bejaia and grandson of Abu Ishaq Ibrahim I. Under his rule the former unity of the Hafsid domains was restored.
Abu Ishaq Ibrahim II or Abu Ishaq Ibrahim ibn Abu-Bakr was the Hafsid caliph of Tunis from 1350 to 1369. He was the son of Abu Yahya Abu Bakr II.
The Hafsids of Béjaïa were a dynasty of independent or autonomous emirs. They were a branch of the Hafsid dynasty that ruled from Tunis; at times they recognised the caliph in Tunis and at other times they ruled independently. Periodically there was also conflict between the two branches of the dynasty.
References
- 1 2 3 Lugan, Bernard (2016). Histoire de l'Afrique du Nord: Des origines à nos jours (in French). Editions du Rocher. ISBN 978-2-268-08535-7.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Cour, Auguste (1920). La dynastie marocaine des Beni Wattas (1420-1554). Recueil des notices et mémoires de la Société archéologique de la province de Constantine (in French). Imprimerie D. Braham.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Garrot, Henri (1910). Histoire générale de l'Algérie (in French). Alger, Impr. P. Crescenzo. pp. 287–288.
- ↑ Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (1996). "The 'Abd al-Wādids or Zayyānids or Ziyānids". The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 43–44. ISBN 9780748696482.
- 1 2 Abun-Nasr, Jamil (1987). A history of the Maghrib in the Islamic period. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521337674.