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The Insurgency in Balochistan is an insurgency or revolt by Baloch separatist insurgents and various Islamist militant groups against the governments of Pakistan and Iran in the Balochistan region, which covers the Pakistani province of Balochistan, Iranian province of Sistan and Baluchestan, and Balochistan of southern Afghanistan. Rich in natural resources, this is the largest, least populated and least developed province in Pakistan and Iran, and armed groups demand greater control of the province's natural resources and political autonomy. Baloch separatists have attacked civilians from other ethnicities throughout the province. In the 2010s, attacks against the Shia community by sectarian groups—though not always directly related to the political struggle—have risen, contributing to tensions in Balochistan. In Pakistan, the ethnic separatist insurgency is low-scale but ongoing mainly in southern Balochistan, as well as sectarian and religiously motivated militancy concentrated mainly in northern and central Balochistan.
The Balochistan Liberation Army is a Baloch ethnonationalist militant organization based in the Baluchistan region of Afghanistan. Operating primarily from safe havens scattered across southern Afghanistan, BLA perpetrates attacks in neighboring Pakistan's Balochistan province, which it seeks to remove from Pakistani sovereignty. It frequently targets Pakistan Armed Forces, civilians and foreign nationals.
The Baloch Students Organization is a student organisation that campaigns for the students of Pakistan's Balochistan Province. It was founded as a student movement on 26 November 1967 in Karachi and remains the largest ethnic Baloch student body in the country. It was divided due to ideological differences. BSO Pajjar and BSO Mohiuddin are affiliated with the parliamentary framework of Pakistan. Dr Allah Nazar, founder of pro independence wing, in 2002 while he was studying in college, created a breakaway faction — BSO–Azad — that advocated struggle for an independent Balochistan based on pre-colonial Baloch country. The Pakistani government banned the BSO Azad on 15 March 2013, as a terrorist organisation.
The Turbat killings refers to the murder of three Baloch nationalist political leaders in April 2009. The nationalist leaders were kidnapped by gunmen who were allegedly speaking in Persian. The three murdered were:
There are or have been a number of separatist movements in Pakistan based on ethnic and regional nationalism, that have agitated for independence, and sometimes fighting the Pakistan state at various times during its history. As in many other countries, tension arises from the perception of minority/less powerful ethnic groups that other ethnicities dominate the politics and economics of the country to the detriment of those with less power and money. The government of Pakistan has attempted to subdue these separatist movements.
Sanandaj is a city in the Central District of Sanandaj County, in the Kurdistan province of Iran, serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district. With a population of 414,069, Sanandaj is the 23rd largest city in Iran and the second largest Kurdish city.
Human rights abuses in the province ofBalochistan refers to the human rights violations that are occurring in the ongoing insurgency in Balochistan. The situation has drawn concern from the international community. The human rights situation in Balochistan is credited to the long-running conflict between Baloch nationalists and Pakistani security forces.
Baloch Americans are Americans of Baloch descent.
Karima Baloch, also known as Karima Mehrab, was a Baloch human rights activist from Balochistan, Pakistan. She was the first female chairperson of the Baloch Students Organization (BSO). She was included in the 100 Women List by the BBC in 2016, where she was identified as a political activist campaigning for the "independence for Balochistan from Pakistan."
Forced disappearance in Pakistan originated during the military rule of General Pervez Musharraf. The practice continued during subsequent governments. The term missing persons is sometimes used as a euphemism. According to Amina Masood Janjua, a human rights activist and chairperson of Defence of Human Rights Pakistan, there are more than 5,000 reported cases of forced disappearance in Pakistan. Human rights activists allege that the law enforcement agencies in Pakistan are responsible for the cases of forced disappearance in Pakistan. However, the law enforcement agencies in Pakistan deny this and insist that many of the missing persons have either joined militant organisations such as the TTP in Afghanistan and other conflict zones or they have fled to be an illegal immigrant in Europe and died en route.
Jalila Haider is a Pakistani human rights attorney and political activist from Quetta in Balochistan, Pakistan. She is known to be the first woman lawyer from Quetta's Hazara minority, and an advocate for the rights of her persecuted community. She is a member of the Awami Workers Party (AWP), leader of the Balochistan chapter of Women Democratic Front (WDF), and also an activist in the Pashtun Tahafuz Movement (PTM). She founded a non-profit organisation, "We the Humans – Pakistan," which aims to empower local communities in Balochistan by strengthening opportunities for vulnerable women and children.
Sajid Hussain was a Pakistani journalist and the founder and chief editor of the online news site, the Balochistan Times. He went missing on 2 March 2020 and his body was found in the Fyris River on 23 April 2020. Swedish police ruled out any foul play, ruling that cause of death was drowning. An autopsy indicated that he died either by suicide or an accident.
Balochi needlework is a type of handicraft made by the Baloch people. It is considered a heritage art, has been recognized by UNESCO, and it sells internationally. The Baloch people are native to the Balochistan region of South and Western Asia, encompassing the countries of Pakistan, Iran, and Afghanistan.
On 16 September 2022, 22-year-old Iranian woman Mahsa Amini, also known as Jina Amini, died in a hospital in Tehran, Iran, under suspicious circumstances. The Guidance Patrol, the religious morality police of Iran's government, arrested Amini for allegedly not wearing the hijab in accordance with government standards. The Law Enforcement Command of the Islamic Republic of Iran stated that she had a heart attack at a police station, collapsed, and fell into a coma before being transferred to a hospital. However, eyewitnesses, including women who were detained with Amini, reported that she was severely beaten and that she died as a result of police brutality, which was denied by the Iranian authorities. The assertions of police brutality, in addition to leaked medical scans, led some observers to believe Amini had a cerebral hemorrhage or stroke due to head injuries received after her arrest.
This is a broad timeline of the ongoing series of protests against the government of Iran, sparked by the death of 22-year-old Mahsa Amini on 16 September 2022. Amini had fallen into a coma after having been detained by the Guidance Patrol, allegedly for wearing an "improper" hijab—in violation of Iran's mandatory hijab law—while visiting Tehran from Saqqez.
Deaths during the Mahsa Amini protests refer to those people who were killed due to Iran's nationwide protests of 2022, triggered by the death of 22-year-old Kurdish Iranian Jina Mahsa Amini on September 16, 2022, in a Tehran hospital under suspicious circumstances.
Zara Mohammadi or Zahra Mohammadi is a Kurdish activist and language teacher. The BBC has named Zara Mohammadi as one of the 100 Inspiring and influential women of 2022. Zara Mohammadi was sentenced to five years in Sanandaj Women's Prison for teaching people her mother tongue. The Revolutionary Court of Sanandaj accused Zara of undermining Iran's national security by forming groups and committee which threatens national security. She is also a member of the board of directors of Nozhin Cultural and Social Council.
Mahrang Baloch is a Pakistani human rights activist against alleged enforced disappearances, extrajudicial killings, and other human rights abuses in Balochistan. Mahrang leads the Baloch Yakjehti Committee, a human rights movement based in Balochistan. On 28 July 2024, she was part of the Baloch Raji Muchi in Gwadar, an event aimed at uniting the Baloch against these abuses.
Sammi Deen Baloch is a human rights activist and a leader of the Baloch Yakjehti Committee (BYC). She serves as the General Secretary of Voice for Baloch Missing Persons (VBMP). Over the last 15 years, Sammi has been a prominent advocate for the rights of Baloch people, including the case of her father, Deen Muhammad Baloch, and other missing individuals from Balochistan.
The Baloch Yakjehti Committee or Balochistan Yakjehti Committee, is a human rights movement established in response to alleged state human rights abuses in Balochistan, Pakistan. The BYC's roots can be traced back to July 2018, when Mahrang Baloch conceived the idea for its formation following the abduction of her brother by Pakistani intelligence agencies. The BYC was officially founded in 2020 as the Bramsh Solidarity Committee, named after Bramsh Baloch, a young girl injured during a violent incident in Turbat that resulted in her mother's death.
References
- 1 2 "Women Activists from Balochistan and Kurdistan Nominated to BBC's 100 Influential Individuals". Balochwarna/>. Retrieved 2024-12-13.
- 1 2 "Iran: Jina Modares-Gorji Ordered to Prison Amid Continued Legal Harassment by Iranian Regime". Coalition For Women in Journalism. Retrieved 2024-12-13.
- 1 2 "The journalist, Zhina Modaresgorji, faces more pressure while being held in prison". Hengaw (hengaw.net). 30 June 2023. Retrieved 2024-12-13.
- 1 2 "Jina Modares Gorji started serving prison sentence". Front Line Defenders. 2024-11-08. Retrieved 2024-12-13.
- ↑ Dussart, Jade (2024-11-13). "Iran: lengthy prison sentences against HRDs from the Nozhin socio-cultural association & WHRD Jina Modares Gorji". UN SR Human Rights Defenders. Retrieved 2024-12-13.
- ↑ "BBC 100 Women 2024: Who is on the list this year? - BBC News". News. Retrieved 2024-12-13.
- ↑ "Karima Baloch: Pakistani rights activist found dead in Toronto". BBC. 2020-12-22. Retrieved 2024-12-13.
- ↑ "Karima Baloch, Pakistani human rights activist, found dead in Canada". The Guardian. 2020-12-22. Retrieved 2024-12-13.