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Illegal immigration to the United States is the process of migrating into the United States in violation of federal immigration laws. This can include foreign nationals who have entered the United States illegally, as well as those who entered legally but then remained after the expiration of their entry visa or parole documents. Illegal immigration has been a matter of intense debate in the United States since the 1980s.
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Prostitution in Zimbabwe and related acts, including solicitation, procuring, and keeping a brothel, are illegal but thriving. Zimbabwe's dire economic situation has forced many women into sex work.
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Voluntary return or voluntary repatriation is usually the return of an illegal immigrant or over-stayer, a rejected asylum seeker, a refugee or displaced person, an unaccompanied minor, and sometimes a second-generation immigrant, who is unable or unwilling to remain in the host country and who volunteers to return to their country of origin, or that of their ancestors.
The term, non-Jewish African refugees, primarily refers to the Sudanese and Eritrean refugee population migrating to Israel through the Sinai Desert. Israeli policy concerning these refugees has evolved from a policy of neutrality to a policy of deterrence. These refugees began arriving in Israel in the 21st century, led by Bedouin smugglers. The current non-Jewish African refugee population in Israel is approximately 36,000.
References
Notes
- ↑ Campbell & Oucho 2003 , p. 2
- 1 2 Mukumbira, Rodrick (1 May 2003), "Botswana Countryfile: Citizens turn on Zimbabwean migrants", African Business, retrieved 25 August 2009
- ↑ "Botswana hunts down illegal Zim immigrants", ZimOnline News Agency, 12 November 2006, archived from the original on 27 August 2009, retrieved 25 August 2009
- ↑ Betts & Kaytaz 2009 , p. 18
- ↑ Betts & Kaytaz 2009 , p. 17
- ↑ Nyathi, Kitsepele (25 November 2013), "Botswana kicks out more illegal Zimbabwe immigrants", Africa Review, retrieved 30 November 2013
- ↑ "More than 26,000 Zimbabweans repatriated from Zimbabwe last year", Associated Press, 16 July 2003, archived from the original on 26 October 2012, retrieved 25 August 2009
- ↑ Phillips, Barnaby (30 March 2004), "Zimbabwe crisis spills over border", BBC News, retrieved 26 August 2009
- ↑ Campbell & Oucho 2003 , p. 20
- ↑ Ngwenya, Martin (1 January 2009), "Play Showcases the Plight of Zimbabean Refugees in Southern Africa", Voice of America, archived from the original on 27 August 2009, retrieved 25 August 2009
- ↑ "Number of foreign workers go up", Mmegi, 5 May 2009, retrieved 26 August 2009
Sources
- Campbell, Eugene K.; Oucho, John O. (2003), Changing attitudes to immigration and refugee policy in Botswana (PDF), Migration Policy Series, 28, Cape Town, South Africa/Toronto, Canada: Southern African Migration Project, ISBN 1-919798-47-1
- Betts, Alexander; Kaytaz, Ezra (2009), National and international responses to the Zimbabwean exodus: implications for the refugee protection regime, Research Papers, 175, Policy Development and Evaluation Service, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
