1517

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	15th century 16th century 17th century
Decades:	1490s 1500s 1510s 1520s 1530s
Years:	1514 1515 1516 1517 1518 1519 1520

1517 in various calendars

Gregorian calendar	1517 MDXVII
Ab urbe condita	2270
Armenian calendar	966 ԹՎ ՋԿԶ
Assyrian calendar	6267
Balinese saka calendar	1438–1439
Bengali calendar	924
Berber calendar	2467
English Regnal year	8  Hen. 8  – 9  Hen. 8
Buddhist calendar	2061
Burmese calendar	879
Byzantine calendar	7025–7026
Chinese calendar	丙子年 (Fire  Rat) 4213 or 4153     — to — 丁丑年 (Fire  Ox) 4214 or 4154
Coptic calendar	1233–1234
Discordian calendar	2683
Ethiopian calendar	1509–1510
Hebrew calendar	5277–5278
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1573–1574
- Shaka Samvat	1438–1439
- Kali Yuga	4617–4618
Holocene calendar	11517
Igbo calendar	517–518
Iranian calendar	895–896
Islamic calendar	922–923
Japanese calendar	Eishō 14 (永正１４年)
Javanese calendar	1434–1435
Julian calendar	1517 MDXVII
Korean calendar	3850
Minguo calendar	395 before ROC 民前395年
Nanakshahi calendar	49
Thai solar calendar	2059–2060
Tibetan calendar	阳火鼠年 (male Fire-Rat) 1643 or 1262 or 490     — to — 阴火牛年 (female Fire-Ox) 1644 or 1263 or 491

Martin Luther publishes his 95 Theses on the door of Wittenberg Castle Church.

Year 1517 ( MDXVII ) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events

January–June

• January 22 – Battle of Ridaniya: The Holy Ottoman army of the sultan Selim I defeat the Mamluk army in Egypt, under Tuman bay II. ^[1]
• January 30 – Cairo is captured by the Ottoman Empire after a three day battle, ^[2] and the Mamluk Sultanate falls. ^[3]
• February 8 – Bernal Díaz del Castillo, a chronicler who documents the conquest of Mexico, sets out with Captain Francisco Hernández de Córdoba's crew from Jaruco. ^[4] They arrive at Cape Catoche twenty-one days later, and are met with hostility by the natives.
• March 16 – The Fifth Council of the Lateran ends. ^[5]
• May 1 – Evil May Day: Xenophobic riots break out in London. ^[6]

July–December

• August 15 – Portuguese merchant Fernão Pires de Andrade meets Ming Dynasty Chinese officials through an interpreter, at the Pearl River estuary and lands, at what is now in the jurisdiction of Hong Kong. Although the first European trade expeditions to China took place in 1513 and 1516 by Jorge Álvares and Rafael Perestrello, respectively, Andrade's mission is the first official diplomatic mission of a European power to China, commissioned by a ruler of Europe (Manuel I of Portugal).
• October 31 – Reformation: Martin Luther publishes his 95 Theses (posting them on the door of the Wittenberg Castle Church). ^[7] This story is possibly apocryphal. ^[8]

Date unknown

• Grand Prince Vasili III of Muscovy conquers Ryazan. ^[9]
• A third outbreak of the sweating sickness in England hits Oxford and Cambridge. ^[10] It is said that in Oxford that upwards of 400 students died in less than a week. ^[11]
• The Abbasid Caliphate of Cairo, reestablished in 1261, falls to the Ottomans. ^[12]

Births

Frances Grey, Duchess of Suffolk

Amalia of Cleves

• January 17
  • Henry Grey, 1st Duke of Suffolk, English duke (d. 1554) ^[13]
  • Antonio Scandello, Italian composer (d. 1580) ^[14]
• January 30 – Joannes Aurifaber Vratislaviensis, German theologian (d. 1568) ^[15]
• January 31 – Gioseffo Zarlino, Italian composer (d. 1590) ^[16]
• February 2 – Gotthard Kettler, Duke of Courland and Semigallia (d. 1587)
• February 12 – Luigi Cornaro, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1584) ^[17]
• March 29 – Carlo Carafa, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1561) ^[18]
• May 1 – Svante Stensson Sture, Swedish count (d. 1567) ^[19]
• June 18 – Emperor Ōgimachi, Japanese emperor (d. 1593)
• June 29 – Rembert Dodoens, Flemish botanist (d. 1585) ^[20]
• July 10 – Odet de Coligny, French cardinal and Protestant (d. 1571) ^[21]
• July 16 – Frances Grey, Duchess of Suffolk, English duchess (d. 1559) ^[22]
• July 20 – Peter Ernst I von Mansfeld-Vorderort, Governor of the Habsburg Netherlands (d. 1604) ^[23]
• July 25 – Jacques Pelletier du Mans, French mathematician (d. 1582) ^[24]
• August 20 – Antoine Perrenot de Granvelle, statesman, French Catholic cardinal (d. 1586) ^[25]
• August 23 – Francis I, Duke of Lorraine (d. 1545) ^[26]
• September 6 – Francisco de Holanda, Portuguese artist (d. 1585) ^[27]
• October 17 – Amalia of Cleves, German princess and writer (d. 1586) ^[28]
• October 18 – Manuel da Nóbrega, Spanish Catholic priest (d. 1570) ^[29]
• December 15 – Giacomo Gaggini, Italian artist (d. 1598) ^[30]
• date unknown
  • Hayashi Narinaga, Japanese samurai (d. 1605)
  • Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, English aristocrat (d. 1547) ^[31]

Deaths

Maria of Aragon, Queen of Portugal

• January 5 – Francesco Raibolini, Italian painter (b. c. 1450) ^[32]
• January 7 – Joanna of Aragon, Queen of Naples (b. 1454) ^[33]
• January 22 – Hadım Sinan Pasha, Ottoman grand vizier (b. 1459)
• March 7 – Maria of Aragon, Queen of Portugal (b. 1482) ^{[34] [35]}
• March 26 – Heinrich Isaac, Flemish composer (b. c. 1450)
• April 14 – Tuman bay II, last Mamluk sultan of Egypt (b. c. 1476) ^[36]
• June 19 – Luca Pacioli, Mathematician, collaborator with Leonardo da Vinci and 'father of accounting' (b. c. 1447) ^[37]
• September 13 – Yunus Pasha, Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire ^[38]
• September 21 – Dyveke Sigbritsdatter, mistress of Christian II of Denmark (b. 1490)
• September 24 – Frederick IV of Baden, Dutch bishop (b. 1455) ^[39]
• October 31 – Fra Bartolomeo, Italian artist (b. 1472) ^[40]
• November 6 – Wiguleus Fröschl of Marzoll, Bishop of Passau (1500–1517) (b. 1445) ^[41]
• November 8 – Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros, Spanish Catholic cardinal and statesman (b. 1436) ^[42]
• date unknown
  • Badi' al-Zaman, Timurid ruler of Herat ^{[43] [44]}
  • Francisco Hernández de Córdoba, Spanish conquistador ^[45]
  • Marcus Musurus, Greek scholar and philosopher (b. 1470) ^[46]
• probable
  • Gaspar van Weerbeke, Dutch composer (b. 1445) ^[47]

References

1. R. G. Grant (October 24, 2017). 1001 Battles That Changed the Course of History. Book Sales. p. 249. ISBN   978-0-7858-3553-0.
2. Clot, André (February 13, 2012). Suleiman the Magnificent. Saqi. ISBN   978-0-86356-803-9 . Retrieved July 19, 2023. The battle was fierce, the city conquered one house at a time. It lasted three days and nights as more and more corpses piled up in streets red with blood. On 30 January 1517, the Mamluks surrendered.
3. Öztuna, Yılmaz (1963). Türkiye tarihi: baslangicindan zamanimiza kadar (in Turkish). Hayat Kitaplari. p. 266. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
4. Del Castillo, Bernal Diaz; Maudslay, A.P. (1928). The Discovery And Conquest Of Mexico 1517 1521. London: George Routledge Amp Sons Ltd. pp. 10–11. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
5. Minnich, Nelson H. (October 24, 2018). The Decrees of the Fifth Lateran Council (1512–17): Their Legitimacy, Origins, Contents, and Implementation. Routledge. ISBN   978-1-351-89173-8 . Retrieved July 19, 2023. In the bull Constituti iuxta verbum that closed the Fifth Lateran Council on 16 March 1517, Leo X (1475-1521, pope 1513-21) provided a brief history of the council to demonstrate how it had accomplished the goals set for it and thus should be concluded.
6. Scarisbrick, J. J. (1968). Henry VIII. University of California Press. p. 67. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
7. Friedrich Schiller (1887). Schiller's Wallenstein: Das Lager. Macmillan and Company. p. 16.
8. Krämer, Walter and Trenkler, Götz. "Luther" in Lexicon van Hardnekkige Misverstanden. Uitgeverij Bert Bakker, 1997, 214:216.
9. Vernadsky, George (1927). Начертание русской истории (in Russian). Евразийское кн-во. p. 126.
10. Sloan, Archibald W. (1971). "The sweating sickness in England". South African Medical Journal. 45 (4): 473–475. ISSN   2078-5135. PMID   4932259 . Retrieved July 19, 2023.
11. Brown, Rawdon (1867). Calendar of state papers and manuscripts, relating to english affairs, existing in the archives and collections of Venice, and in other libraries of Northern Italy. London: Longmans, Green, Reader and Dyer. p. 412. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
12. Bosworth, C. E. (1996). Islamic Dynasties. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. p. 9. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
13. Tallis, Nicola (November 3, 2016). Crown of Blood: The Deadly Inheritance of Lady Jane Grey. Michael O'Mara Books. ISBN   978-1-78243-672-0 . Retrieved July 19, 2023. Henry was born on 17 January 1517, almost certainly at his father's newly built home, Bradgate Park in Leicestershire.
14. Testi, Flavio (1969). La musica italiana nel Medioevo e nel Rinascimento (in Italian). Vol. 2. Bramante. p. 559. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
15. Gerlich, Fritz; Bettelheim, Anton; Wegele, Franz X. von; Liliencron, Rochus (1875). Allgemeine deutsche Biographie. Vol. 1. Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot. p. 690. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
16. Unger, Melvin P. (June 17, 2010). Historical Dictionary of Choral Music. Scarecrow Press. p. 476. ISBN   978-0-8108-7392-6 . Retrieved July 21, 2023.
17. "The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of November 20, 1551". cardinals.fiu.edu. Retrieved July 21, 2023.
18. Aldimari, Biagio (1691). Historia genealogica della famiglia Carafa, divisa in tre libri. Nel primo si tratta del tronco principale del albero di detta famiglia, detto della Spina. Nel secondo del ramo secondogenito, e transversale, chiamato della St: 2 (in Italian). Naples: Giacomo Raillard's Printing House. pp. 122–123. Retrieved July 21, 2023.
19. Hofberg, Herman (1876). Svenskt biografiskt handlexicon: Alfabetiskt ordnade lefnadsteckningar af Sveriges namnkunniga män och qvinnor från reformationen till närvarande tid (in Swedish). A. Bonnier. p. 352. Retrieved July 21, 2023.
20. Gilias, Guy; Tilburg, Cornelis van; Roy, Vincent Van (September 4, 2017). Rembert Dodoens: Een zestiende-eeuwse kruidenwetenschapper, zijn tijd- en vakgenoten en zijn betekenis (in Dutch). Maklu. p. 122. ISBN   978-90-441-3530-5 . Retrieved July 21, 2023.
21. Heale, Martin (2014). The Prelate in England and Europe, 1300-1560. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. p. 86. ISBN   978-1-903153-58-1 . Retrieved July 21, 2023.
22. "Frances Brandon, Duchess of Suffolk & family". Westminster Abbey. Retrieved July 21, 2023.
23. Ilg, Albert; Boeheim, Wendelin (1882). Das k.k. Schloss Ambras in Tirol (in German). A. Holzhausen. p. 103. Retrieved July 21, 2023.
24. Peletier, Jacques; Porter, Lambert C. (1966). Dialogue de l'ortografe e prononciacion françoese (1555), suivi de La réponse de Louis Meigret (in French). Librairie Droz. p. 9. ISBN   978-2-600-02414-3 . Retrieved July 21, 2023.
25. Granvelle, Antoine Perrenot de (1841). Papiers d'état du cardinal de Granvelle: d'après les manuscrits de la bibliothèque de Besançon (in French). Imprimerie royale. p. xvi. Retrieved July 21, 2023.
26. Warnicke, Retha M. (April 13, 2000). The Marrying of Anne of Cleves: Royal Protocol in Early Modern England. Cambridge University Press. p. 70. ISBN   978-0-521-77037-8 . Retrieved July 21, 2023.
27. Sgarbi, Marco (October 27, 2022). Encyclopedia of Renaissance Philosophy. Springer Nature. p. 1556. ISBN   978-3-319-14169-5 . Retrieved July 21, 2023.
28. Darsie, Heather R. (June 15, 2023). Children of the House of Cleves: Anna and Her Siblings. Amberley Publishing Limited. ISBN   978-1-4456-9943-1 . Retrieved July 21, 2023. Amalia of Cleves, probably born on 17 October 1517, is the most elusive of the Von der Mark siblings.
29. Paulo (1970). Revista do Instituto histórico e geográfico de São Paulo (in Brazilian Portuguese). Instituto Histórico e Geográfico de São Paulo. p. 141. Retrieved July 21, 2023.
30. Bianchi, Giuseppe (1900). Gli artisti ticinesi: dizionario biografico (in Italian). Lugano: Libreria Bianchi. p. 91. Retrieved July 21, 2023.
31. "Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey | English poet". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved April 10, 2019.
32. Guidicini, Giuseppe (1872). Cose notabili della città di Bologna: ossia Storia cronologica de' suoi stabili (in Italian). Tip. di G. Vitali. p. 15. Retrieved July 21, 2023.
33. "GIOVANNA d'Aragona, regina di Napoli in "Dizionario Biografico"". www.treccani.it (in Italian). Retrieved July 21, 2023.
34. Almeida, Fortunato de (1923). História de Portugal (in Brazilian Portuguese). F. de Almeida. p. 299. Retrieved July 21, 2023.
35. Machado, Diogo Barbosa (1752). Bibliotheca Lusitana histo ́rica (in Brazilian Portuguese). Ignacio Rodrigues. p. 164. Retrieved July 21, 2023.
36. Lane-Poole, Stanley (1901). A history of Egypt in the Middle Ages. New York: C. Scribner's Sons. p. 355. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
37. Sangster, Alan (March 2021). "The Life and Works of Luca Pacioli (1446/7–1517), Humanist Educator". Abacus. 57 (1): 126–152. doi:10.1111/abac.12218. hdl: 2164/16100 . ISSN   0001-3072. S2CID   233917744 . Retrieved July 21, 2023.
38. Ménage, V. L. (1976). "An Ottoman Manual of Provincial Correspondence". Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes. 68: 31–45. ISSN   0084-0076. JSTOR   23868282 . Retrieved July 18, 2023.
39. "Friedrich". www.deutsche-biographie.de (in German). Retrieved July 21, 2023.
40. Harold Edwin Wethey; Titian (1969). The Paintings of Titian, Complete Edition: The mythological and historical paintings. Phaidon. p. 146. ISBN   978-0-7148-1425-4.
41. Ostbairische Grenzmarken: Passauer Jahrbuch für Geschichte, Kunst und Volkskunde (in German). Verlag des Vereins für Ostbairische Heimatforschung. 1967. p. 298. Retrieved July 21, 2023.
42. Collado, Ángel Fernández (2007). Historia de la Iglesia en España. Edad Moderna (in Spanish). I.T. San Ildefonso. p. 232. ISBN   978-84-935539-5-1 . Retrieved July 21, 2023.
43. Lari, Suhail Zaheer; Lari, Yasmeen (1997). The Jewel of Sindh: Samma Monuments on Makli Hill. Heritage Foundation. p. 14. ISBN   978-0-19-577901-1.
44. Brill, E. J. (1993). E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam: 1913-1936. BRILL. p. 343. ISBN   978-90-04-09789-6 . Retrieved July 21, 2023.
45. Saville, Marshall H. (1918). "The Discovery of Yucatan in 1517 by Francisco Hernandez de Cordoba". Geographical Review. 6 (5): 436–448. doi:10.2307/207701. ISSN   0016-7428. JSTOR   207701 . Retrieved July 21, 2023.
46. Assonitis, Alessio (December 31, 2016). "Luigi Ferreri, L'Italia degli Umanisti: Marco Musuro". Variants. The Journal of the European Society for Textual Scholarship (12–13): 246–249. doi: 10.4000/variants.385 . ISSN   1573-3084 . Retrieved July 21, 2023.
47. "Weerbeke [Werbeke, Werbeck], Gaspar [Jaspar, Jaespaert, Gaspart] van". Grove Music Online. Retrieved July 21, 2023.