1696 in literature

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This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1696.

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Aphra Behn British playwright, poet and spy (1640–1689)

Aphra Behn was an English playwright, poet, prose writer and translator from the Restoration era. As one of the first English women to earn her living by her writing, she broke cultural barriers and served as a literary role model for later generations of women authors. Rising from obscurity, she came to the notice of Charles II, who employed her as a spy in Antwerp. Upon her return to London and a probable brief stay in debtors' prison, she began writing for the stage. She belonged to a coterie of poets and famous libertines such as John Wilmot, Lord Rochester. Behn wrote under the pastoral pseudonym Astrea. During the turbulent political times of the Exclusion Crisis, she wrote an epilogue and prologue that brought her into legal trouble; she thereafter devoted most of her writing to prose genres and translations. A staunch supporter of the Stuart line, she declined an invitation from Bishop Burnet to write a welcoming poem to the new king William III. She died shortly after.

Restoration comedy Theatrical genre rooted in late 17th-century England

"Restoration comedy" is English comedy written and performed in the Restoration period of 1660–1710. Comedy of manners is used as a synonym for this. After public stage performances were banned for 18 years by the Puritan regime, reopening of the theatres in 1660 marked a renaissance of English drama. Sexually explicit language was encouraged by King Charles II (1660–1685) personally and by the rakish style of his court. Historian George Norman Clark argues:

The best-known fact about the Restoration drama is that it is immoral. The dramatists did not criticize the accepted morality about gambling, drink, love, and pleasure generally, or try, like the dramatists of our own time, to work out their own view of character and conduct. What they did was, according to their respective inclinations, to mock at all restraints. Some were gross, others delicately improper.... The dramatists did not merely say anything they liked: they also intended to glory in it and to shock those who did not like it.

This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1700.

This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1695.

This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1690.

This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1684.

Susanna Verbruggen, aka Susanna Mountfort, was an English actress working in London.

Thomas Southerne 17th/18th-century Irish dramatist

Thomas Southerne was an Irish dramatist.

Barton Booth was one of the most famous dramatic actors of the first part of the 18th century.

<i>Oroonoko</i>

Oroonoko: or, the Royal Slave is a work of prose fiction by Aphra Behn (1640–1689), published in 1688 by William Canning and reissued with two other fictions later that year. It was also adapted into a play. The eponymous hero is an African prince from Coramantien who is tricked into slavery and sold to European colonists in Surinam where he meets the narrator. Behn's text is a first-person account of Oroonoko's life, love, rebellion, and execution. Oroonoko: or, the Royal Slave “centers on the unlucky love story of Oroonoko, an African prince, and the beautiful Imoinda.”

Charles Gildon, was an English hack writer who was, by turns, a translator, biographer, essayist, playwright, poet, author of fictional letters, fabulist, short story author, and critic. He provided the source for many lives of Restoration figures, although he appears to have propagated or invented numerous errors with them. He is remembered best as a target of Alexander Pope's in both Dunciad and the Epistle to Dr. Arbuthnot and an enemy of Jonathan Swift's. Gildon's biographies are, in many cases, the only biographies available, but they have nearly without exception been shown to have wholesale invention in them. Because of Pope's caricature of Gildon, but also because of the sheer volume and rapidity of his writings, Gildon has come to stand as the epitome of the hired pen and the literary opportunist.

Mary Kent was an English actress, whose career lasted from 1692 to 1718, and the wife of Drury Lane actor Thomas Kent. Her dates of birth and death are not known. Mary Kent appeared in many playbills from 1692 onwards in London, playing minor parts in the United Company until the company's tumultuous breakup in 1695. She and her husband remained with the depleted parent troupe when the senior actors walked out to set up their own cooperative company, and during the consequent brief actor shortage at Drury Lane, she played more important parts, notably Flareit in Colley Cibber's Love's Last Shift and young Tom Fashion in John Vanbrugh's The Relapse in 1697. This role came at a time when it was common for boys to be portrayed by actresses and her casting was described as perhaps "an attempt to defuse the homosexual suggestions in his relationship with Coupler."

Mary Pix British writer (1666 – 1709)

Mary Pix was an English novelist and playwright. As an admirer of Aphra Behn and colleague of Susanna Centlivre, Pix has been called "a link between women writers of the Restoration and Augustan periods".

John Bowman (1651–1739) was a British stage actor. He began his career in the Duke's Company at the Dorset Garden Theatre. In 1692 he married Elizabeth Watson, who acted under the name Elizabeth Bowman. He later switched to act at the Drury Lane Theatre. He is also referred to as John Boman.

Joseph Williams was an English stage actor of the seventeenth and early eighteenth century.

Elizabeth Willis (c.1669-1739) was a British stage actress.

Elinor Leigh was a British stage actor of the seventeenth century.

John Thurmond was a British stage actor. To distinguish him from his son, also an actor named John, he is sometimes called John Thurmond the Elder.

Elizabeth Bowman was an English stage actor of the seventeenth and early eighteenth century. The daughter of Sir Francis Watson, 1st Baronet she was adopted by the actor manager Thomas Betterton. In 1692 she married John Bowman and began acting at Drury Lane the following year as Mrs Bowman. She was a member of the United Company until 1695 then joined Betterton's breakaway at the Lincoln's Inn Fields Theatre.

John Hodgson was an English stage actor of the late seventeenth century. He joined the United Company in 1688 and his first recorded appearance was in The Treacherous Brothers at Drury Lane in 1690. In 1695 he was one of several actors who broke away to join Thomas Betterton's new company at Lincoln's Inn Fields. His name is sometimes written as Hudson. He was married to the singer Mary Hodgson.

References

  1. 1 2 Philip H. Highfill; Kalman A. Burnim; Edward A. Langhans (1975). A Biographical Dictionary of Actors, Actresses, Musicians, Dancers, Managers and Other Stage Personnel in London, 1660-1800: Cabanel to Cory. SIU Press. p. 216. ISBN   978-0-8093-0692-3.
  2. 1 2 William Penn (1857). Primitive Christianity Revived in the Faith and Practice of the People Called Quakers. Miller & Burlock. p. 3.
  3. ↑ Richard Kozar; William J. Burling (2000). Summer Theatre in London, 1661-1820, and the Rise of the Haymarket Theatre. Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press. p. 43. ISBN   978-0-8386-3811-8.
  4. 1 2 Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 200–201. ISBN   0-7126-5616-2.
  5. ↑ Mark A. Schneider (15 December 1993). Culture and Enchantment. University of Chicago Press. p. 1. ISBN   978-0-226-73927-4.
  6. ↑ Thomas DOGGET (1696). The Country Wake: a comedy. In five acts and in prose.
  7. 1 2 George Watson; Ian R. Willison; J. D. Pickles (2 July 1971). The New Cambridge Bibliography of English Literature: Volume 2, 1660-1800. Cambridge University Press. pp. 765–. ISBN   978-0-521-07934-1.
  8. ↑ She Ventures, and He Wins. A comedy ... For Hen. Rhodes. 1696.
  9. ↑ George Watson; Ian R. Willison; J. D. Pickles (2 July 1971). The New Cambridge Bibliography of English Literature: Volume 2, 1660-1800. Cambridge University Press. pp. 797–. ISBN   978-0-521-07934-1.
  10. ↑ John Dryden (29 September 1976). The Works of John Dryden, Volume XV: Plays: Albion and Albanius, Don Sebastian, Amphitryon. University of California Press. p. 330. ISBN   978-0-520-02129-7.
  11. ↑ W.H.G. Armytage (15 October 2013). Heavens Below: Utopian Experiments in England, 1560-1960. Routledge. p. 30. ISBN   978-1-134-52943-8.
  12. ↑ Berman, David (1995). Honderich, Ted (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Philosophy . Oxford: Oxford University Press. p.  877. ISBN   0-19-866132-0.
  13. ↑ Katharina M. Wilson; Paul Schlueter; June Schlueter (16 December 2013). Women Writers of Great Britain and Europe: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. p. 122. ISBN   978-1-135-61670-0.
  14. ↑ Holthöfer, Ernst (2001). "Domat, Jean". In Michael Stolleis (ed.). Juristen: ein biographisches Lexikon; von der Antike bis zum 20. Jahrhundert (in German) (2nd ed.). München: Beck. p. 180. ISBN   3-406-45957-9.
  15. ↑ Tilley, Arthur Augustus (2016). Madame de Sévigné: Some Aspects of Her Life and Character. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 154. ISBN   978-1-31662-004-5.
  16. ↑ Jean de La Bruyère (1970). Characters. Penguin Books. p. 13. ISBN   978-0-14-044221-2.
  17. ↑ Penny Cyclopaedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. C. Knight. 1843. p. 144.
  18. ↑ John A Newton ‘ Samuel Annesley 1620-1696)’ Proceedings of the Wesley Historical Society v.XLV 1985-6 pp 29-45 p.37
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