1796 in literature

Portrait of Pierre-Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais

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This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1796.

Events

• Samuel Ireland publishes a collection of Shakespearean forgeries in his Miscellaneous Papers and Legal Instruments Under the Hand and Seal of William Shakespeare (dated this year but actually produced on 24 December 1795). Edmond Malone exposes them in his An Inquiry into the Authenticity of Certain Miscellaneous Papers and Legal Instruments on 31 March, and the forged 'Shakespearean' play, Vortigern and Rowena , is able to sustain just a single performance at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, London, on 2 April. Ireland's son, William Henry, confesses to the fraud in An Authentic Account of the Shakespearean Manuscripts.
• January – Charles Lamb ends a six-week spell in a mental asylum at Hoxton (London).
• February 29 – The Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal is established as the Royal Public Library of the Court in Lisbon.
• March 1 – Samuel Taylor Coleridge launches his periodical The Watchman ; it lasts for only ten issues. In April his first verse collection, Poems on Various Subjects , is published in London.
• July 21 – The Scottish national poet, Robert Burns, dies in Dumfries at the age of 37. His funeral (with honours as a military volunteer) takes place on July 25, while his wife, Jean, is in labour with their ninth child together, Maxwell. Burns is at first buried in the far corner of St Michael's Churchyard in Dumfries. The volume of The Scots Musical Museum published this year includes his versions of "Auld Lang Syne" and "Charlie Is My Darling". ^[1]
• July 30 – A performance of a historical drama, Jane Shore, is given in Sydney, Australia; the playbill, printed by George Hughes, is the earliest known surviving item printed in that country. ^[2]
• September 22 – Mary Lamb commits matricide. ^[3]
• October
  • Jane Austen begins writing First Impressions, the first version of Pride and Prejudice (published 1813).
  • Caroline von Wolzogen's novel Agnes von Lilien begins anonymous serialization in the monthly Die Horen, edited by her brother-in-law Friedrich Schiller. ^[4]

New books

Fiction

• Robert Bage – Hermsprong: or, Man As He Is Not
• Elizabeth Bonhôte – Bungay Castle
• Fanny Burney – Camilla ^[5]
• Denis Diderot (died 1784) – Jacques the Fatalist (the first complete edition of the original French, Jacques le fataliste et son maître)
• Marquis Carl von Grosse (translated by Peter Will) – Horrid Mysteries (translation of Der Genius)
• Elizabeth Hamilton – Translation of the Letters of a Hindoo Rajah
• Mary Hays – Memoirs of Emma Courtney
• Elizabeth Inchbald – Nature and Art
• Matthew Lewis – The Monk
• Eliza Parsons – The Mysterious Warning, a German Tale
• Regina Maria Roche – The Children of the Abbey: a Tale
• Jane West (as Prudentia Homespun) – A Gossip's Story, and a Legendary Tale

Children

• François Guillaume Ducray-Duminil – Victor, ou l’Enfant de la forêt (Victor, or The Child of the Forest) ^[6]
• Maria Edgeworth – The Parent's Assistant (stories, second volume later in the year)
• Jane West – A Gossip's Story, and a Legendary Tale (as Prudentia Homespun)

Drama

• George Colman the Younger – The Iron Chest
• Richard Cumberland
  • Don Pedro ^[7]
  • The Days of Yore
• Johann Wolfgang von Goethe – Egmont ^[8]
• Thomas Holcroft
  • The Force of Ridicule ^[9]
  • The Man of Ten Thousand ^[9]
• William Henry Ireland – Vortigern and Rowena
• Robert Jephson – The Conspiracy
• Sophia Lee – Almeyda, Queen of Granada
• Thomas Morton – The Way to Get Married ^[10]
• John O'Keeffe – The Doldrum
• John Penn – The Battle of Eddington
• Frederick Reynolds – Fortune's Fool
• Mary Darby Robinson – The Sicilian Lover ^[11]
• The Iron Chest (adaptation of William Godwin's novel Caleb Williams )

Poetry

Main article: 1796 in poetry

Non-fiction

• Ralph Broome
  • Observations on Mr. Paine's Pamphlet Entitled the Decline and Fall of the English System of Finance...
  • Strictures on Mr. Burke's Two Letters, Addressed to a Member of the Present Parliament
• Edmund Burke – A Letter from The Right Honourable Edmund Burke to a Noble Lord, on the Attacks made upon him and his pension
• Edward Gibbon – Memoirs of My Life and Writings
• Susannah Willard Johnson – A Narrative of the Captivity of Mrs. Johnson (edited by John Curtis Chamberlain)
• John Gabriel Stedman – The Narrative of a Five Years Expedition against the Revolted Negroes of Surinam
• Mary Wollstonecraft – Letters Written in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark

Births

• January 4 – Henry George Bohn, English bibliographer and publisher (died 1884)
• February 17 – Charlotte Anley, English didactic novelist and religious writer (died 1893)
• May 1 – Junius Brutus Booth, English-born actor (died 1852)
• May 4 – William H. Prescott, American historian (died 1859)
• August 19 – Agnes Strickland, English historical writer and poet (died 1874)
• September 19 – Hartley Coleridge, English poet, biographer and essayist (died 1849)
• July 15 – Thomas Bulfinch, American writer on mythology (died 1867)
• November 2 – Frederick Chamier, English novelist and Royal Navy captain (died 1870) ^[12]
• December 19 – Manuel Bretón de los Herreros, Spanish playwright (died 1873)

Deaths

• January 13 – John Anderson, Scottish natural philosopher and scientist (born 1726)
• February 17 – James Macpherson, Scottish poet (born 1736) ^[13]
• March 6 – Guillaume Thomas François Raynal, French philosophical writer (born 1713) ^[14]
• May 6 – Adolf Freiherr Knigge, German writer on etiquette (born 1752) ^[15]
• June 7 – Elisabetta Caminèr Turra, Venetian writer and translator (born 1751)
• June 8 – Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois, French dramatist (born 1749) ^[16]
• July 21 – Robert Burns, Scottish poet (born 1759) ^[17]
• October 7 – Thomas Reid, Scottish philosopher (born 1710)
• October 16 – Antoine-Joseph Pernety, French writer and mystic (born 1716)
• December 24 – John Maclaurin, Lord Dreghorn, judge and poet (born 1734) ^[18]

References

1. "Robert Burns". BBC . Retrieved 2012-01-26.
2. "For the benefit of J. Butler and W. Bryant". Digital Collection – Books and Serials. Canberra: National Library of Australia . Retrieved 2014-08-07.
3. Hitchcock, Susan Tyler (2005). Mad Mary Lamb . New York; London: W. W. Norton & Co. pp.  15–17. ISBN   0-393-05741-0. mad mary lamb
4. Simon Richter; James Hardin (2005). The Literature of Weimar Classicism. Boydell & Brewer. pp. 242–. ISBN   978-1-57113-249-9.
5. Fanny Burney (15 July 1999). Camilla: Picture of Youth. OUP Oxford. p. 7. ISBN   978-0-19-160608-3.
6. Timothy Unwin; Unwin Timothy (28 October 1997). The Cambridge Companion to the French Novel: From 1800 to the Present. Cambridge University Press. pp. 76–. ISBN   978-0-521-49914-9.
7. Richard Cumberland (1982). The Plays of Richard Cumberland. Garland Pub. p. 294. ISBN   978-0-8240-3587-7.
8. David G. John (8 July 1998). Images of Goethe through Schiller's Egmont. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. p. 176. ISBN   978-0-7735-6697-2.
9. George Watson; Ian R. Willison; J. D. Pickles (2 July 1971). The New Cambridge Bibliography of English Literature: Volume 2, 1660-1800. Cambridge University Press. p. 839. ISBN   978-0-521-07934-1.
10. Michael R. Booth (1980). Prefaces to English Nineteenth-century Theatre. Manchester University Press. p. 67. ISBN   978-0-7190-0823-8.
11. Mary Robinson (1796). The Sicilian Lover: A Tragedy. In Five Acts. author.
12. Frederick Chamier (23 May 2011). Life of a Sailor. Pen and Sword. p. 7. ISBN   978-1-78346-873-7.
13. Lewis Namier; John Brooke (1985). The House of Commons, 1754-1790. Boydell & Brewer. p. 96. ISBN   978-0-436-30420-0.
14. Charles Sumner (1900). His Complete Works: With Introduction by Hon. George Frisbie Hoar. Lee & Shepard. p. 326.
15. Ernest Ludwig Stahl; William Edward Yuill; Hannah Priebsch Closs; M. Q. Smith (1970). German Literature of the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries. Barnes & Noble. p. 380.
16. Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica, Incorporated, William Benton Publisher. 1973. p. 69. ISBN   978-0-85229-173-3.
17. "Pistols belonging to Robert Burns". National Museums Scotland. Archived from the original on 25 March 2019. Retrieved 25 March 2019.
18. John Stark (1805). Biographia Scotica: Or Scottish Biographical Dictionary. A. Constable & Company. p. 300.