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Events from the year 1932 in Italy.
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Events from the year 1932 in Italy.
In 1932, the Great Depression touches its peak in Italy too. The unemployed are officially a million (a quarter of the workforce) but the real cipher is even higher; the industrial production is 85% of the one in 1929. The fascist regime answers with a politic of dirigisme, encouraging fusions and business alliances (Law 834) and realizing great public Works, widely publicized but insufficient to solve the problem. The deficit of the state passes from 504 million liras (budget year 1931) to 3 billion 587 million liras. [2]
The three main Italian shipping lines (NGI, Lloyd Sabaudo and Cosoluch STN) merge in the Italia Flotte Riunite.
The ICO becomes a S. A. and changes name in Olivetti S. p. A.; the direction passes from Camillo Olivetti to the son Adriano. The firm presents MP1, the first portable typewriter.
Beside the monumentalism of Marcello Piacentini, the official architect of the regime, the rationalist school flourishes too: Giuseppe Terragni begins the Casa del Fascio in Como and Giuseppe Pagano (director of Casabella, organ of the movement) the Institute of Physic in Rome. In Milan, the BBPR studio and the estate FontanaArte (producing glass lamps, designed by Giò Ponti) are constituted.
Inauguration of the Pinacoteca Nazionale in Siena.
Amedeo Maiuri excavates the cave of the Sybil in Pozzuoli.
Edoardo Weiss founds the Italian Psychoanalytic Society and the Italian Revue of Psychoanalysis.
First issue of La settimana enigmistica and Topolino, again now two of the most popular weeklies in Italy.
Cesare Pavese begins its literary work, with Ciau Masin (a collection of poems and tales, published posthumously) and the translation of Moby Dick.
Hermeticism is the prevailing poetic movement, with Salvatore Quasimodo (Oboe sommerso) and the debuting Alfonso Gatto (Isola).
UTET launches the series of books for children La scala d’oro.
The Neapolitan De Filippo brothers (Eduardo, Titina and Peppino) get fame nationwide, thanks to the success of Natale in Casa Cupiello (premiered in Christmas 1931.) In the year, the company stages three new plays (Ditegli sempre di sì, Gennariniello, Chi è cchiu' felice 'e me!) and seven single acts by Eduardo, beyond various pieces by Peppino and other authors. [3]
In 1932, the Italian cinema is, overall, in a period of stasis with 18 feature films produced and only 2 companies active (Cines and Caesar Film). Cines under the direction of the writer Emilio Cecchi produces a series of valuable art documentaries and establishes a dubbing studio of its own (previously, the Italian versions of the foreign movies were realized abroad). Renè Clair's A nous la libertè is the first film dubbed in Italy, with the voice of Gino Cervi.
The production is composed mostly by escapist comedies (Telefoni bianchi): Five to nil and Three lucky fools by Mario Bonnard, One night with you by Ferruccio Biancini, The telephone operator by Nunzio Malasomma, The lastadventure by Mario Camerini. Besides, some films about opera ( Pergolesi , by Guido Brignone) and two propaganda movies exalting the bravery of the Italian people (the aviation docudrama The blue fleet by Gennaro Righelli and the sport drama Palio , by Alessandro Blasetti) are realized.
Two films are on a higher level: The table of the poor , by Alessandro Blasetti, a dramedy about the Naples fallen noblemen and What scoundrel men are! by Mario Camerini, idyll between two commoners, a car-driver, and a saleswoman. The Camerini's film, considered a forerunner of neo-realism, makes the young protagonist Vittorio de Sica a movie star and launches the song Parlami d’amore Mariù.
In September, Venice hosts the First International Film Festival.
In Cambridge, Giuseppe Occhialini, in collaboration with Patrick Blackett, studies the creation process of the positron.
In Genoa, Guglielmo Marconi lights by radio the Sydney Exposition in Australia.
Oddone Piazza is the first Italian boxer to compete for the world title (middleweight), against William “Gorilla” Jones.
At the 1932 Summer Olympics, Italy gets 12 gold, 12 silver and 12 bronze metals (all male).
Vittorio De Sica was an Italian film director and actor, a leading figure in the neorealist movement.
Italian neorealism, also known as the Golden Age, was a national film movement characterized by stories set amongst the poor and the working class. They are filmed on location, frequently with non-professional actors. They primarily address the difficult economic and moral conditions of post-World War II Italy, representing changes in the Italian psyche and conditions of everyday life, including poverty, oppression, injustice and desperation.
Giuseppe Ungaretti was an Italian modernist poet, journalist, essayist, critic, academic, and recipient of the inaugural 1970 Neustadt International Prize for Literature. A leading representative of the experimental trend known as Ermetismo ("Hermeticism"), he was one of the most prominent contributors to 20th century Italian literature. Influenced by symbolism, he was briefly aligned with futurism. Like many futurists, he took an irredentist position during World War I. Ungaretti debuted as a poet while fighting in the trenches, publishing one of his best-known pieces, L'allegria.
Giuseppe Bottai was an Italian journalist and member of the National Fascist Party of Benito Mussolini.
Peppino De Filippo was an Italian actor.
The Aventine Secession was the withdrawal of the parliament opposition, mainly comprising the Italian Socialist Party, Italian Liberal Party, Italian People's Party and Italian Communist Party, from the Chamber of Deputies in 1924–25, following the murder of the deputy Giacomo Matteotti by fascists on 10 June 1924.
Filippo Turati was an Italian sociologist, criminologist, poet and socialist politician.
Telefoni Bianchi films, also called deco films, were made by the Italian film industry in the 1930s and the 1940s in imitation of American comedies of the time in a sharp contrast to the other important style of the era, calligrafismo, which was highly artistic. The cinema of Telefoni Bianchi was born from the success of the Italian film comedy of the early 1930s; it was a lighter version, cleansed of any intellectualism or veiled social criticism.
Vittorio Valletta was an Italian industrialist and president of Fiat S.p.A. from 1946 to 1966.
Il Popolo d'Italia was an Italian newspaper published from 15 November 1914 until 24 July 1943. It was founded by Benito Mussolini as a pro-war newspaper during World War I, and it later became the main newspaper of the Fascist movement in Italy after the war. It published editions every day with the exception of Mondays.
Claudio Treves was an Italian politician and journalist.
The "Manifesto of Fascist Intellectuals", by the actualist philosopher Giovanni Gentile in 1925, formally established the political and ideologic foundations of Italian Fascism. It justifies the political violence of the Blackshirt paramilitaries of the National Fascist Party, in the revolutionary realisation of Italian Fascism as the authoritarian and totalitarian rėgime of Prime Minister Benito Mussolini, who ruled Italy as Il Duce, from 1922 to 1943.
Il Becco Giallo was an antifascist satirical magazine in the 1920s in Italy. The magazine existed between 1924 and 1926.
Events from the year 1922 in Italy. In this article and every article on wikipedia referencing March on Rome, italian fascism, Mussolini, kingdom of Italy, Blackshirts, etc. the date is given as 1922 rather than 1932. Britannica.com also uses 1922.
The Assassination of Matteotti is a 1973 Italian historical drama film directed by Florestano Vancini. The film tells the events that led to the tragic end of Giacomo Matteotti and to the establishment of the dictatorship of Benito Mussolini in Italy. It was awarded with the Special Jury Prize at the 8th Moscow International Film Festival.
Sansepolcrismo is a term used to refer to the movement led by Benito Mussolini that preceded Fascism. The Sansepolcrismo takes its name from the rally organized by Mussolini at Piazza San Sepolcro in Milan on March 23, 1919, where he proclaimed the principles of Fasci Italiani di Combattimento, and then published them in Il Popolo d'Italia, on June 6, 1919, the newspaper he co-founded in November 1914 after leaving Avanti!
The Sandro Italico Mussolini School of Fascist Mysticism was established in Milan, Italy in 1930 by Niccolò Giani. Its primary goal was to train the future leaders of Italy's National Fascist Party. The school curriculum promoted Fascist mysticism based on the philosophy of Fideism, the belief that faith and reason were incompatible; Fascist mythology was to be accepted as a "metareality". In 1932, Mussolini described Fascism as "a religious concept of life", saying that Fascists formed a "spiritual community".
Events from the year 1910 in Italy.
Costantino Lazzari was an Italian politician. He was one of the founders and main leaders of the Italian Socialist Party.