1982 Indonesian legislative election

1982 Indonesian legislative election

←  1977 4 May 1982 1987  →
360 of the 460 seats in the House of Representatives 181 seats needed for a majority
First party Second party Third party   Leader Amir Murtono Jailani Naro Sunawar Sukowati Party Golkar PPP PDI Last election 62.11%, 232 seats 29.29%, 99 seats 8.60%, 29 seats Seats won 242 94 24 Seat change 10 5 5 Popular vote 48,334,724 20,871,880 5,919,702 Percentage 64.34% 27.78% 7.88% Swing 2.23pp 1.51pp 0.72pp
Results by city and regency Results of overseas voting      Golkar     PPP
Speaker before election Daryatmo Golkar Elected Speaker Amir Machmud Golkar

Legislative elections were held in Indonesia on 4 May 1982. They were the fourth legislative elections since independence and the third under the New Order regime There were three participants; the two political parties, the United Development Party (PPP), the Indonesian Democratic Party (PDI) and the "functional group" Golkar. As with all elections during the New Order regime, the government-backed Golkar organization won an absolute majority.

Background

Following the 1978 reelection of President Suharto by the People's Consultative Assembly a year after the victory of the government political vehicle Golkar in the legislative election, the government started to make preparations for the next five-yearly vote by submitting a revised election law to the legislature. Among the changes discussed were the symbols used by the parties. The government's proposed law included a provision banning party symbols that "might generate conflict affecting the unity and integrity of the nation". At the time, the Islamic United Development Party symbol was the Kaaba, while the Indonesian Democratic Party used a symbol similar to the National emblem of Indonesia. Both parties wanted to retain their symbols. Both parties also wanted a reduction in the number of seats awarded by government nominees to be reduced from 100 to 75. Ultimately the bill was passed, with no changes to party logos or the number of appointed legislative members. However, an additional four seats, on top of the 360 elected seats, were allocated to the new province of East Timor following its annexation, and these were taken from the non-military appointed seats. ^{[1] [2]}

Campaign

The official election campaign lasted from 15 March to 27 April, followed by a "quiet week" before polling day on 4 May. ^{[3] [4]} As in 1977, the government used a variety of tactics to ensure a victory for Golkar. As well as shortening the campaign period by 15 days, the government regulation on the election required all contestants to submit campaign plans a week in advance, allowed regional governments to ban campaign activities seen as potentially disrupting public order and gave the government the power to reject electoral candidates, which it did to the detriment of the two parties. The government also pressured civil servants not only to vote Golkar, but also to persuade family members and friends to do so, while the army provided support for Golkar in the form of its campaign to enter villages to ensure people in rural areas gave their support. ^[5]

There were a number of violent incidents during the campaign, and two news publications, including the weekly news magazine Tempo were banned for reporting on them. ^[6] In the most serious incident, on 18 March, clashes between PPP and Golkar supporters at a Golkar rally on Jakarta's Lapangan Banteng led to rioting and arson. The Golkar stage was set alight and 318 people were arrested. There was also campaign violence in Yogyakarta and Solo. ^{[7] [8]}

Results

Once again Golkar won an absolute majority, with over 64% of the vote, beating its performance in both previous elections, while both political parties saw their vote fall. Golkar won a majority of votes in all provinces except Aceh, and including the four seats in won in East Timor, its directly elected seat total increased by 14 when the results were announced on 14 June. The two parties each lost five seats. ^[9]

Party		Votes	%	Seats	+/–
	Golkar	48,334,724	64.34	242	+10
	United Development Party	20,871,880	27.78	94	–5
	Indonesian Democratic Party	5,919,702	7.88	24	–5
Appointed members				100	0
Total		75,126,306	100.00	460	0
Registered voters/turnout		81,629,250	–
Source: Sulastri, [10] Sudibjo [11]

Presidential election

Following the legislative election, the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR), the legislative branch of Indonesia, met from 10 to 11 March 1983 to elect both the president and vice president of the country for the 1988–1993 term. In the 1982 legislative election, abstentions increased in number. The number of abstentions had been increasing since the campaign began in the 1970s. The government spread a campaign to stop these abstentions.

However, this campaign became chaotic after an incident at Lapangan Banteng, Central Jakarta. Nevertheless, this incident did not defeat Golkar in the election. Golkar still won a landslide victory and received many votes. On 10 March, Suharto was thus re-elected president unanimously to a fourth term at the 1982 MPR General Session. Umar Wirahadikusumah, an army general, was subsequently elected vice president on the next day. ^{[12] [13]}

President

Candidate		Party	Votes	%
	Suharto	Golkar	590	100.00
Total			590	100.00
Valid votes			590	100.00
Invalid/blank votes			0	0.00
Total votes			590	100.00
Registered voters/turnout			590	100.00

Vice president

Candidate		Party	Votes	%
	Umar Wirahadikusumah	Golkar	590	100.00
Total			590	100.00
Valid votes			590	100.00
Invalid/blank votes			0	0.00
Total votes			590	100.00
Registered voters/turnout			590	100.00

References

Citations

1. Leo Suryadinata 1982, pp. 36–39, 56.
2. Sekretariat Jenderal DPR-RI 1988, p. 1.
3. Leo Suryadinata 1982, p. 45.
4. Pemberton 1986, p. 11.
5. Leo Suryadinata 1982, pp. 44–46.
6. Ricklefs 2008, p. 485.
7. Pemberton 1986, pp. 9–11.
8. Leo Suryadinata 1982, p. 50.
9. Leo Suryadinata 1982, pp. 56–57.
10. Endang Sulastri 2010, pp. 38–39.
11. M. Sudibjo 1995, p. 156.
12. Sekretariat Jenderal DPR-RI 1988, p. 2.
13. Schwarz 1999, p. 56.

Sources

• Endang Sulastri, ed. (2010). Pemilu untuk Pemula, Bab V: Hasil Pemilu [Elections for Beginners, Chapter V: Election Results](PDF) (in Indonesian). General Elections Commission (KPU). Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 December 2018. Retrieved 14 March 2021.
• Leo Suryadinata (1982). Political Parties and the 1982 General Election in Indonesia. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. ISBN   9971-902-50-8.
• M. Sudibjo, ed. (1995). Pemilihan Umum 1992: Suatu Evaluasi[The 1992 General Election: An Evaluation] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Centre for Strategic and International Studies. OCLC   32449151.
• Pemberton, John (1986). "Notes on the 1982 General Election in Solo" (PDF). Indonesia. 41 (41): 1–22. doi:10.2307/3351033. hdl: 1813/53835 . JSTOR   3351033.
• Ricklefs, M.C. (2008) [1981]. A History of Modern Indonesia Since c.1300 (4th ed.). London: MacMillan. ISBN   978-0-230-54685-1.
• Schwarz, Adam (1999) [1994]. A Nation in Waiting: Indonesia's search for stability. Allen & Unwin. ISBN   9781760636913.
• Sekretariat Jenderal DPR-RI (1988). Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia Periode 1982 - 1987 [Republic of Indonesia People's Representative Council 1982-1987](PDF) (in Indonesian).