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 Georgia portal |
Presidential elections were held in Georgia on 26 May 1991. [1] The result was a victory for Zviad Gamsakhurdia of the Round Table-Free Georgia party, who received 88% of the vote, with an 83% turnout. [2]
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| Georgia portal |
Presidential elections were held in Georgia on 26 May 1991. [1] The result was a victory for Zviad Gamsakhurdia of the Round Table-Free Georgia party, who received 88% of the vote, with an 83% turnout. [2]
The position of President of the Republic was introduced on April 14, 1991, by the Supreme Council of the Republic of Georgia at the request of Zviad Gamsakhurdia. On the same day, the Supreme Council of the Republic of Georgia elected Gamsakhurdia as the President of the Republic of Georgia by an open vote.
The first presidential elections were scheduled for May 26, 1991. The elections would be considered valid if the majority of the total number of voters participated. A candidate would be considered elected if they received the support of more than 50% of the total number of participants in the elections.
| Candidate | Party | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zviad Gamsakhurdia | Round Table—Free Georgia | 2,565,362 | 87.58 | |
| Valerian Advadze | Concord, Peace, Revival Bloc | 240,243 | 8.20 | |
| Jemal Mikeladze | Communist Party of Georgia | 51,717 | 1.77 | |
| Nodar Natadze | People's Front | 36,266 | 1.24 | |
| Irakli Shengelaia | Freedom Bloc | 26,886 | 0.92 | |
| Tamaz Kvachantiradze | Democratic Georgia Bloc | 8,553 | 0.29 | |
| Total | 2,929,027 | 100.00 | ||
| Valid votes | 2,929,027 | 98.66 | ||
| Invalid/blank votes | 39,918 | 1.34 | ||
| Total votes | 2,968,945 | 100.00 | ||
| Registered voters/turnout | 3,594,810 | 82.59 | ||
| Source: Nohlen et al. | ||||
Politics in Georgia involve a parliamentary representative democratic republic with a multi-party system. The President of Georgia is the ceremonial head of state and the Prime Minister of Georgia is the head of government. The Prime Minister and the Government wield executive power. Legislative power is vested in both the Government and the unicameral Parliament of Georgia.
Zviad Konstantines dze Gamsakhurdia was a Georgian politician, human rights activist, dissident, professor of English language studies and American literature at Tbilisi State University, and writer who became the first democratically elected President of Georgia in May 1991.
The Supreme Council of the Republic of Georgia was the highest unicameral legislative body in Georgia elected in the first democratic, multiparty elections in the Caucasus on October 28, 1990, while the country was still part of the Soviet Union. The Council presided over the declaration of Georgia's independence from the Soviet Union in April 1991. The legislature split into rivaling factions and became defunct after a violent coup d'état ousted President Zviad Gamsakhurdia in January 1992. A pro-Gamsakhurdia faction managed to convene for a few times in exile and again in Georgia during Gamsakhurdia's failed attempt to regain power later in 1993. The Supreme Council was succeeded – after a brief parliamentary vacuum filled by the rule of the post-coup Military Council and then the State Council – by the Parliament of Georgia elected in October 1992.
The president of Georgia is the ceremonial head of state of Georgia as well as the commander-in-chief of the Defense Forces. The constitution defines the presidential office as "the guarantor of the country's unity and national independence."
The single-chamber Parliament of Georgia has 150 members, elected for a four-year term through elections. The last presidential elections were held in October 2018 due to constitutional changes taking effect in 2024, after which the president will be elected for a five-year term by a parliamentary college of electors. The series of constitutional changes, initiated in 2017, stipulated a one-time transitional presidential term of six years for 2018–2024. Other major systemic changes included a move to a fully proportional system by 2024 with a 5% threshold.
The Georgian Civil War lasted from 1991 to 1993 in the South Caucasian country of Georgia. It consisted of inter-ethnic and international conflicts in the regions of South Ossetia and Abkhazia, as well as the violent military coup d'état against the first democratically-elected President of Georgia, Zviad Gamsakhurdia, and his subsequent uprising in an attempt to regain power.
Tengiz Kitovani was a Georgian politician and military commander with high-profile involvement in the Georgian Civil War early in the 1990s when he commanded the National Guard of Georgia.
The Georgian Armed Forces mutiny of October 1998 was an abortive attempt of a rebellion organized by a group of officers led by Colonel Akaki Eliava in western Georgia against the government of President Eduard Shevardnadze.
The Parliament of Georgia is the supreme national legislature of Georgia. It is a unicameral parliament, currently consisting of 150 members; of these, 120 are proportional representatives and 30 are elected through single-member district plurality system, representing their constituencies. According to the 2017 constitutional amendments, the Parliament will transfer to fully proportional representation in 2024.
The 1991–1992 South Ossetia War was fought between Georgian government forces and ethnic Georgian militias on one side and the forces of South Ossetian separatists and Russia on the other. The war ended with a Dagomys Agreement, signed on 24 June 1992, which established a joint peacekeeping force and left South Ossetia divided between the rival authorities.
An independence referendum was held in the Republic of Georgia on 31 March 1991. It was approved by 99.5% of voters.
The Republican Party of Georgia, commonly known as the Republicans, is a political party in Georgia active since 1978. Until March 2016, the party was a part of the Georgian Dream coalition that won the 2012 election, defeating the United National Movement. Currently it is in opposition to Georgian Dream as part of the UNM-led Strength Is in Unity coalition.
Parliamentary elections were held in the Georgian SSR on 28 October 1990, with a second round on 11 November. They were the first free parliamentary elections in Georgia since 1919 and saw Round Table-Free Georgia emerge as the largest party in Parliament with 155 of the 250 seats. Voter turnout was 70%.
General elections were held in Georgia on 11 October 1992, in which voters elected both the Parliament and the Chairman of Parliament, who also acted as Head of State as the President, Zviad Gamsakhurdia, was in exile after being ousted in a coup in January. Independent candidate Eduard Shevardnadze was the only candidate in the election for Head of State, whilst the Peace Bloc won the most seats in Parliament. Voter turnout was 74.2%.
Zviad Dzidziguri is a Georgian politician. He has been the chairman of the Conservative Party of Georgia since 2004 and a vice-speaker of the Parliament of Georgia since 2012.
Independence Day is an annual public holiday in Georgia observed on 26 May. It commemorates the 26 May 1918 adoption of the Act of Independence, which established the Democratic Republic of Georgia in the aftermath of the Russian Revolution of 1917. It is the national day of Georgia. Independence Day is associated with military parades, fireworks, concerts, fairs, and political speeches and ceremonies, in addition to various other public and private events celebrating the history and culture of Georgia.
Ilia Chavchavadze Society is a political organisation from Georgia. The group dates back to the days of the Soviet Union, where it was an important factor in the growth of Georgian nationalism.
Round Table—Free Georgia was an alliance of Georgian political parties led by Zviad Gamsakhurdia. It played a decisive role in the restoration of independence of Georgia and was a governing coalition in 1990-1992.
The 1991–1992 Georgian coup d'état, also known as the Tbilisi War, or the Putsch of 1991–1992, was an internal military conflict that took place in the newly independent Republic of Georgia following the fall of the Soviet Union, from 22 December 1991 to 6 January 1992. The coup, which triggered the Georgian Civil War, pitted factions of the National Guard loyal to President Zviad Gamsakhurdia against several paramilitary organizations unified at the end of 1991 under the leadership of warlords Tengiz Kitovani, Jaba Ioseliani and Tengiz Sigua.
Nodar Natadze was a Georgian literary critic, linguist, and politician, best known as the continuous leader of Popular Front – one of the oldest political groups founded in the last years of Soviet Georgia – since its inception in 1989.
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