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75th Infantry Regiment (Ranger) | |
---|---|
Active | 1969–present |
Country | United States |
Branch | US Army |
Type | Light infantry |
Role | Vietnam War: Post-Vietnam: |
Size | 15 companies (1969–74) 3 battalions (1974–86) |
Garrison/HQ | Fort Benning, Georgia (1984–86) |
Engagements | Vietnam War Operation Eagle Claw Invasion of Grenada |
The 75th Infantry Regiment (Ranger) (officially 75th Infantry Regiment or 75th Infantry) was initially a parent regiment for all the US Army Ranger units during the Vietnam War and the early 1980s and then the headquarters for the Ranger battalions.
On 1 February 1969, as part of the U.S. Army Combat Arms Regimental System (CARS), all U.S. Army Long Range Reconnaissance Patrol (LRRP) units were reorganized as the 75th Infantry Regiment (Ranger). [1] Fifteen Ranger companies were formed from reconnaissance units in Europe and Vietnam with lineage to Merrill's Marauders (5307th Composite Unit). The firms were given the letters C through I and K through P. To avoid confusion with the similar "I" (or India) designation on typed documents, there was no "J" Ranger Company. Companies A and B were kept stateside as a strategic reserve in case they were needed overseas in Europe or the Americas.
The Ranger companies were composed of small, heavily armed long range reconnaissance teams that patrolled deep in enemy-held territory. Each independent company was attached to a separate division or brigade and acted as the eyes and ears of those units. Rangers collected intelligence, discovered enemy troop locations, surveilled trails and enemy hot spots, directed artillery and air strikes, performed bomb damage assessments, and conducted ambushes. Additionally, Rangers attempted to recover prisoners of war, capture enemy soldiers for interrogation, tap the wire communications of the North Vietnam Army and the National Liberation Front for South Vietnam (Vietcong) on the Ho Chi Minh trail, and mine enemy trails and roads.
When they were redesignated on 1 February 1969, the average TOE strength of a Ranger company was of 3 officers and 115 enlisted men, bringing the total to 118 men divided into a company headquarters, operations section, communications platoon, and two patrol platoons.
There were some exceptions though; Company C, 75th Infantry (Ranger) had a strength of 230 men divided into a company Headquarters, operations section, communications platoon, and four patrol platoons.
Companies D and H each had 198 men and Companies M, N, O, and P each had 61 men, since these four units were created from LRP detachments assigned to brigades.
Infantry (Ranger) Company | Activated on | Inactivated on | Previous LRP company | Subordinate to |
---|---|---|---|---|
Company A, 75th Infantry (Ranger) | 1 February 1969 | 19 December 1974 | Company D (LRP), 17th Infantry | V Corps (Germany) |
Company B, 75th Infantry (Ranger) | 1 February 1969 | 1 November 1974 | Company C (LRP), 58th Infantry | VII Corps (Germany) |
Company C, 75th Infantry (Ranger) | 1 February 1969 | 25 October 1971 | Company E (LRP), 20th Infantry | I Field Force (Vietnam) |
Company D (Ranger), 151st Infantry Company D, 75th Infantry (Ranger) | 1 February 1969 20 November 1969 | 20 November 1969 10 April 1970 | Company F (LRP), 51st Infantry | II Field Force (Vietnam) |
Company E, 75th Infantry (Ranger) | 1 February 1969 1 October 1969 | 23 August 1969 12 October 1970 | Company E (LRP), 50th Infantry | 9th Infantry Division (Vietnam) |
Company F, 75th Infantry (Ranger) | 1 February 1969 | 15 March 1971 | Company F (LRP), 50th Infantry | 25th Infantry Division (Vietnam) |
Company G, 75th Infantry (Ranger) | 1 February 1969 | 1 October 1971 | Company E (LRP), 51st Infantry | 23rd Infantry Division (Vietnam) |
Company H, 75th Infantry (Ranger) | 1 February 1969 | 15 August 1972 | Company E (LRP), 52nd Infantry Regiment (drawn from the Cavalry Division LRRPs) | 1st Cavalry Division (Vietnam) |
Company I, 75th Infantry (Ranger) | 1 February 1969 | 7 April 1970 | Company F (LRP), 52nd Infantry | 1st Infantry Division (Vietnam) |
Company K, 75th Infantry (Ranger) | 1 February 1969 | 10 December 1970 | Company E (LRP), 58th Infantry | 4th Infantry Division (Vietnam) |
Company L, 75th Infantry (Ranger) | 1 February 1969 | 25 December 1971 | Company F (LRP), 58th Infantry | 101st Airborne Division (Vietnam) |
Company M, 75th Infantry (Ranger) | 1 February 1969 | 12 October 1970 | 71st Infantry Detachment (LRP) | 199th Infantry Brigade (Light) (Vietnam) |
Company N, 75th Infantry (Ranger) | 1 February 1969 | 25 August 1971 | 74th Infantry Detachment (LRP) | 173rd Airborne Brigade (Vietnam) |
Company O, 75th Infantry (Ranger) Company O (Arctic Ranger), 75th Infantry (Ranger) | 1 February 1969 4 August 1970 | 20 November 1969 29 September 1972 | 78th Infantry Detachment (LRP) | 3rd Brigade, 82nd Airborne Division (Vietnam) US Army Alaska |
Company P, 75th Infantry (Ranger) | 1 February 1969 | 31 August 1971 | 79th Infantry Detachment (LRP) | 1st Brigade, 5th Infantry Division (Mech.) (Vietnam) |
National Guard Ranger Companies
Infantry (Ranger) Company | State | Activated on | Inactivated on |
---|---|---|---|
D Co, 151st Infantry (Ranger) [8] | Indiana | 1 December 1967 | 1 March 1977 |
E Co, 65th Infantry (Ranger) | Puerto Rico | 1 April 1971 | 1 February 1980 |
F Co, 425th Infantry (Ranger) | Michigan | 1 September 1972 | 1988 |
G Co, 143rd Infantry (Ranger) [9] [10] | Texas | 1 April 1980 | 1 September 1987 |
H Co, 175th Infantry (Ranger) | Maryland |
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