Adenylyl cyclase type 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ADCY3 gene. [5] [6]
Adenylyl cyclase type 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ADCY3 gene. [5] [6]
This gene encodes adenylyl cyclase 3, which is a membrane-associated enzyme and catalyzes the formation of the secondary messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). [6]
The ADCY3 subtype likely mediates odorant detection (possibly) via modulation of intracellular cAMP concentration. [7]
Adenylate cyclase is an enzyme with systematic name ATP diphosphate-lyase . It catalyzes the following reaction:
A cyclic nucleotide (cNMP) is a single-phosphate nucleotide with a cyclic bond arrangement between the sugar and phosphate groups. Like other nucleotides, cyclic nucleotides are composed of three functional groups: a sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a single phosphate group. As can be seen in the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) images, the 'cyclic' portion consists of two bonds between the phosphate group and the 3' and 5' hydroxyl groups of the sugar, very often a ribose.
Somatostatin, also known as growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GHIH) or by several other names, is a peptide hormone that regulates the endocrine system and affects neurotransmission and cell proliferation via interaction with G protein-coupled somatostatin receptors and inhibition of the release of numerous secondary hormones. Somatostatin inhibits insulin and glucagon secretion.
An olfactory receptor neuron (ORN), also called an olfactory sensory neuron (OSN), is a sensory neuron within the olfactory system.
GNAS complex locus is a gene locus in humans. Its main product is the heterotrimeric G-protein alpha subunit Gs-α, a key component of G protein-coupled receptor-regulated adenylyl cyclase signal transduction pathways. GNAS stands for Guanine Nucleotide binding protein, Alpha Stimulating activity polypeptide.
The Gs alpha subunit is a subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein Gs that stimulates the cAMP-dependent pathway by activating adenylyl cyclase. Gsα is a GTPase that functions as a cellular signaling protein. Gsα is the founding member of one of the four families of heterotrimeric G proteins, defined by the alpha subunits they contain: the Gαs family, Gαi/Gαo family, Gαq family, and Gα12/Gα13 family. The Gs-family has only two members: the other member is Golf, named for its predominant expression in the olfactory system. In humans, Gsα is encoded by the GNAS complex locus, while Golfα is encoded by the GNAL gene.
Shekel Somatostatin receptor type 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SSTR3 gene.
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II gamma chain is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CAMK2G gene.
Adenylyl cyclase type 6 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ADCY6 gene.
Adenylyl cyclase type 5 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ADCY5 gene.
Adenylyl cyclase type 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ADCY1 gene.
Adenylyl cyclase type 2 is an enzyme typically expressed in the brain of humans, that is encoded by the ADCY2 gene. It belongs to the adenylyl cyclase class-3 or guanylyl cyclase family because it contains two guanylate cyclase domains. ADCY2 is one of ten different mammalian isoforms of adenylyl cyclases. ADCY2 can be found on chromosome 5 and the "MIR2113-POU3F2" region of chromosome 6, with a length of 1091 amino-acids. An essential cofactor for ADCY2 is magnesium; two ions bind per subunit.
Adenylyl cyclase type 7 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ADCY7 gene.
Adenylyl cyclase type 9 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ADCY9 gene.
Adenylyl cyclase type 8 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ADCY8 gene.
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(olf) subunit alpha is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNAL gene. Its main product is the heterotrimeric G-protein alpha subunit Golf-α, a member of the Gs alpha subunit family that is a key component of G protein-coupled receptor-regulated adenylyl cyclase signal transduction pathways in the olfactory system and the striatum in the brain. It also mediated D1 receptor signalling in the striatum and is hence involved in motor control.
Adenylyl cyclase type 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ADCY4 gene.
In the field of molecular biology, the cAMP-dependent pathway, also known as the adenylyl cyclase pathway, is a G protein-coupled receptor-triggered signaling cascade used in cell communication.
Adenylyl cyclase 10 also known as ADCY10 is an enzyme that, in humans, is encoded by the ADCY10 gene.
Soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) is a regulatory cytosolic enzyme present in almost every cell. sAC is a source of cyclic adenosine 3’,5’ monophosphate (cAMP) – a second messenger that mediates cell growth and differentiation in organisms from bacteria to higher eukaryotes. sAC differentiates from the transmembrane adenylyl cyclase (tmACs) – an important source of cAMP; in that sAC is regulated by bicarbonate anions and it is dispersed throughout the cell cytoplasm. sAC has been found to have various functions in physiological systems different from that of the tmACs.
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