ADH4

ADH4
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 3COS
Identifiers
Aliases	ADH4 , ADH-2, HEL-S-4, alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (class II), pi polypeptide
External IDs	OMIM: 103740 MGI: 1349472 HomoloGene: 20162 GeneCards: ADH4
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 4 (human) [1] Band 4q23 Start 99,123,657 bp [1] End 99,157,792 bp [1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 3 (mouse) [2] Band 3|3 G3 Start 138,121,227 bp [2] End 138,136,653 bp [2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in jejunal mucosa right lobe of liver duodenum sperm cerebellar vermis cardia pylorus body of tongue external globus pallidus superior surface of tongue Top expressed in left lobe of liver duodenum spermatocyte spermatid seminiferous tubule adrenal cortex morula zona reticularis jejunum interventricular septum More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function benzaldehyde dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+ activity] all-trans retinal binding NADPH:quinone reductase activity alditol:NADP+ 1-oxidoreductase activity NAD binding zinc ion binding metal ion binding oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor retinol binding oxidoreductase activity alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity alcohol dehydrogenase activity, zinc-dependent NAD-retinol dehydrogenase activity ethanol binding S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione dehydrogenase activity Cellular component cytoplasm nucleus cytosol Biological process quinone metabolic process retinol metabolic process retinoid metabolic process cellular aldehyde metabolic process alcohol catabolic process ethanol metabolic process alcohol metabolic process ethanol oxidation formaldehyde catabolic process Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 127 26876 Ensembl ENSG00000198099 ENSMUSG00000037797 UniProt P08319 Q9QYY9 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_000670 NM_001306171 NM_001306172 NM_011996 RefSeq (protein) NP_000661 NP_001293100 NP_001293101 NP_036126 Location (UCSC) Chr 4: 99.12 – 99.16 Mb Chr 3: 138.12 – 138.14 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Alcohol dehydrogenase 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ADH4 gene. ^[5]

This gene encodes class II alcohol dehydrogenase 4 pi subunit, which is a member of the alcohol dehydrogenase family. Members of this enzyme family metabolize a wide variety of substrates, including ethanol, retinol, other aliphatic alcohols, hydroxysteroids, and lipid peroxidation products. Class II alcohol dehydrogenase is a homodimer composed of 2 pi subunits. It exhibits a high activity for oxidation of long-chain aliphatic alcohols and aromatic alcohols and is less sensitive to pyrazole. This gene is localized to chromosome 4 in the cluster of alcohol dehydrogenase genes. ^[5]

There is evidence that ancestors of modern humans developed the ADH4 producing gene some 10 million years ago. This probably helped them to take advantage of rotting fruit as they shifted to a terrestrial lifestyle. ^[6]

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000198099 - Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000037797 - Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. "Entrez Gene: ADH4 alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (class II), pi polypeptide".
6. Choi CQ (Dec 2, 2014). "Origins of Human Alcohol Consumption Revealed". Scientific American. Retrieved 18 May 2023.

Further reading

• Jörnvall H (1994). "The alcohol dehydrogenase system". Toward a Molecular Basis of Alcohol Use and Abuse. Vol. 71. pp. 221–9. doi:10.1007/978-3-0348-7330-7_22. ISBN   978-3-0348-7332-1. PMID   8032153.{{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
• Edman K, Maret W (1993). "Alcohol dehydrogenase genes: restriction fragment length polymorphisms for ADH4 (pi-ADH) and ADH5 (chi-ADH) and construction of haplotypes among different ADH classes". Hum. Genet. 90 (4): 395–401. doi:10.1007/bf00220466. PMID   1362387. S2CID   30770835.
• von Bahr-Lindström H, Jörnvall H, Höög JO (1991). "Cloning and characterization of the human ADH4 gene". Gene. 103 (2): 269–74. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(91)90285-J. PMID   1889753.
• Höög JO, von Bahr-Lindström H, Hedén LO, et al. (1987). "Structure of the class II enzyme of human liver alcohol dehydrogenase: combined cDNA and protein sequence determination of the pi subunit". Biochemistry. 26 (7): 1926–32. doi:10.1021/bi00381a021. PMID   3036213.
• Mårdh G, Dingley AL, Auld DS, Vallee BL (1987). "Human class II (pi) alcohol dehydrogenase has a redox-specific function in norepinephrine metabolism". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83 (23): 8908–12. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.23.8908 . PMC   387042 . PMID   3466164.
• Li M, Edenberg HJ (1998). "Function of cis-acting elements in human alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (ADH4) promoter and role of C/EBP proteins in gene expression". DNA Cell Biol. 17 (4): 387–97. doi:10.1089/dna.1998.17.387. PMID   9570155.
• Tryggvason K, Romert A, Eriksson U (2001). "Biosynthesis of 9-cis-retinoic acid in vivo. The roles of different retinol dehydrogenases and a structure-activity analysis of microsomal retinol dehydrogenases". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (22): 19253–8. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M100215200 . PMID   11279029.
• Xu XR, Huang J, Xu ZG, et al. (2002). "Insight into hepatocellular carcinogenesis at transcriptome level by comparing gene expression profiles of hepatocellular carcinoma with those of corresponding noncancerous liver". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98 (26): 15089–94. Bibcode:2001PNAS...9815089X. doi: 10.1073/pnas.241522398 . PMC   64988 . PMID   11752456.
• Iida A, Saito S, Sekine A, et al. (2002). "Thirteen single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (ADH4) gene locus". J. Hum. Genet. 47 (2): 74–6. doi: 10.1007/s100380200003 . PMID   11916005.
• Strömberg P, Svensson S, Hedberg JJ, et al. (2002). "Identification and characterisation of two allelic forms of human alcohol dehydrogenase 2". Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 59 (3): 552–9. doi:10.1007/s00018-002-8447-1. PMID   11964133. S2CID   21451213.
• Chou CF, Lai CL, Chang YC, et al. (2002). "Kinetic mechanism of human class IV alcohol dehydrogenase functioning as retinol dehydrogenase". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (28): 25209–16. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M201947200 . PMID   11997393.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi: 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . PMC   139241 . PMID   12477932.
• Galter D, Carmine A, Buervenich S, et al. (2003). "Distribution of class I, III and IV alcohol dehydrogenase mRNAs in the adult rat, mouse and human brain". Eur. J. Biochem. 270 (6): 1316–26. doi: 10.1046/j.1432-1033.2003.03502.x . PMID   12631290.
• Neumark YD, Friedlander Y, Durst R, et al. (2004). "Alcohol dehydrogenase polymorphisms influence alcohol-elimination rates in a male Jewish population". Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. 28 (1): 10–4. doi:10.1097/01.ALC.0000108667.79219.4D. PMID   14745297.
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC   528928 . PMID   15489334.
• Luo X, Kranzler HR, Zuo L, et al. (2006). "ADH4 gene variation is associated with alcohol and drug dependence: results from family controlled and population-structured association studies". Pharmacogenet. Genomics. 15 (11): 755–68. doi:10.1097/01.fpc.0000180141.77036.dc. PMID   16220108. S2CID   38408639.
• Luo X, Kranzler HR, Zuo L, et al. (2006). "ADH4 gene variation is associated with alcohol dependence and drug dependence in European Americans: results from HWD tests and case-control association studies". Neuropsychopharmacology. 31 (5): 1085–95. doi: 10.1038/sj.npp.1300925 . PMID   16237392.
• Luo X, Kranzler HR, Zuo L, et al. (2007). "Personality traits of agreeableness and extraversion are associated with ADH4 variation". Biol. Psychiatry. 61 (5): 599–608. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.05.017. PMC   1853245 . PMID   17069770.
• Carrigana MA, Uryasev O, et al. (2014). "Hominids adapted to metabolize ethanol long before human-directed fermentation". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 112 (2): 599–608. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1404167111 . PMC   4299227 . PMID   25453080.

External links

• Human ADH4 genome location and ADH4 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser .