AI era

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The AI era, [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] also known as the AI revolution, [6] [7] [8] [9] is the ongoing period of global transition of the human economy and society towards post-scarcity economics and post-labor society through automation, enabled by the integration of AI technology in an increasing number of economic sectors and aspects of everyday life. [1] [10] [11] [12] [3] [13] Many have suggested that this period started around the early 2020s, [14] [15] [16] [17] with the release of generative AI models including large language models such as ChatGPT, [18] [19] [20] which replicated aspects of human cognition, reasoning, attention, creativity and general intelligence commonly associated with human abilities. This enabled software programs that were capable of replacing or augmenting humans in various domains that traditionally required human reasoning and cognition, such as writing, translation, and computer programming. [21] [22]

Contents

The AI revolution is widely expected to mark a major turning point in human history, comparable to the invention of the Internet, electricity and the Industrial Revolution, [23] [24] [25] [6] technologies which have impacted virtually every industry and facet of life. It has also been suggested that it may mark a major turning point in the billions of years of history of life and evolution towards the development of artificial life, artificial general intelligence, artificial consciousness and superintelligence, [26] [27] [7] [28] comparable to the Cambrian explosion or the evolution of multicellular life. [29] [30]

Prerequisites

The AI revolution was primarily driven by the convergence of technological advancements, the existence of large datasets, and the availability of advanced and affordable computing power. These factors played a critical role in enabling the development of large AI models, which have significantly advanced the field of artificial intelligence. [7] [9]

Advances in algorithmic techniques

The AI era was catalyzed by key technological developments, including breakthroughs in machine learning algorithms, notably deep learning, which enabled computers to analyze and learn from large datasets with unprecedented efficiency. Key advancements included:

Large datasets

The availability of large datasets has been a crucial factor in the AI revolution. These datasets, often sourced from the Internet, provide the vast amount of information needed to train and refine AI models through unsupervised learning. The diversity and size of these datasets have enabled the development of more accurate and robust AI systems, capable of handling complex tasks and making better predictions. [9]

The Internet was largely responsible for this exponential growth in data, creating a primary source of diverse and extensive data, including accessible public databases and user-generated content from social media, online forums, news, and other digital platforms such as Wikipedia. [8]

Advanced and affordable computing power

The growth of AI has been propelled by significant advancements in computing technology, particularly in the areas of GPUs (Graphics Processing Units) and TPUs (Tensor Processing Units). These specialized processors are capable of handling the complex calculations required for AI algorithms, especially in deep learning. [9]

Societal effects

Artificial intelligence has had a significant impact on humanity, [22] [33] [13] including discussions on redefining what it means to be a human during an era in which artificial intelligence surpasses expert-human level abilities in a wide and general variety of skills, potentially leading to a situation where humans may no longer need or be able to work. [34] [35] [36]

In a 2023 report from ResumeBuilder, more than one-third (37%) of business leaders claimed AI replaced workers in 2023. [37] In 2023, Asana, a project management and collaboration software company, found in a survey that 29% of employees say their work tasks are replaceable with AI. [37] AI systems have already started to replace entire job categories where AIs exhibit super-human abilities such as translation, and writing.

In a study by OpenAI, a leading company in the development of artificial general intelligence and the developer of ChatGPT, conducted a research report that found humans labeled 15 occupations (such as mathematicians, tax preparers, writers & authors, Web and digital interface designers) as fully exposed when combined with GPT-powered software, whereas the GPT-4 model itself labeled 86 occupations as fully exposed. [22]

There have been significant numbers of proponents of a move towards a universal basic income in order to cope with the predicted wide-scale loss of jobs as AI becomes more advanced and capable. [38] [39] [40] [41] With the release of applications like Devin AI there has been growing concerns within the tech industry of job loss. Kyle Shevlin, founder and software engineer at software development agency Athagist, expressed frustration on X about the industry "trying to aggressively replace one of the few remaining jobs that provides a legit middle-class income." [42]

There has been significant concern of potential extinction of humans due to unaligned AI models. [43] [44] [45] Some examples of concerns include the potential abilities of AI models to create novel pathogens with high infectiousness and mortality that could lead to the collapse of human society. [46]

Physicist Stephen Hawking, Microsoft founder Bill Gates, and SpaceX founder Elon Musk have expressed concerns about the possibility that AI could develop to the point that humans could not control it, and that this could spell the end of the human race. [47] [48]

Future developments

A number of frontier AI companies including OpenAI, Meta AI and Google DeepMind have stated their primary missions are to develop artificial general intelligence, which is either a type of artificial intelligence that can out-compete humans at most economically valuable tasks, or a type capable of recursive self-improvement, enabling it to learn or program new capabilities that it did not originally have. [49]

OpenAI is working on learning how to align a superintelligence smarter than the humans creating it, a concept referred to as superalignment. [50]

See also

Related Research Articles

Artificial intelligence (AI), in its broadest sense, is intelligence exhibited by machines, particularly computer systems. It is a field of research in computer science that develops and studies methods and software which enable machines to perceive their environment and uses learning and intelligence to take actions that maximize their chances of achieving defined goals. Such machines may be called AIs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chatbot</span> Program that simulates conversation

A chatbot is a software application or web interface that is designed to mimic human conversation through text or voice interactions. Modern chatbots are typically online and use generative artificial intelligence systems that are capable of maintaining a conversation with a user in natural language and simulating the way a human would behave as a conversational partner. Such chatbots often use deep learning and natural language processing, but simpler chatbots have existed for decades.

Artificial general intelligence (AGI) is a type of artificial intelligence (AI) that can perform as well or better than humans on a wide range of cognitive tasks. This is in contrast to narrow AI, which is designed for specific tasks. AGI is considered one of various definitions of strong AI.

Recursive self-improvement (RSI) is a process in which an early or weak artificial general intelligence (AGI) system enhances its own capabilities and intelligence without human intervention, leading to a superintelligence or intelligence explosion.

Music and artificial intelligence is the development of music software programs which use AI to generate music. As with applications in other fields, AI in music also simulates mental tasks. A prominent feature is the capability of an AI algorithm to learn based on past data, such as in computer accompaniment technology, wherein the AI is capable of listening to a human performer and performing accompaniment. Artificial intelligence also drives interactive composition technology, wherein a computer composes music in response to a live performance. There are other AI applications in music that cover not only music composition, production, and performance but also how music is marketed and consumed. Several music player programs have also been developed to use voice recognition and natural language processing technology for music voice control. Current research includes the application of AI in music composition, performance, theory and digital sound processing.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">OpenAI</span> Artificial intelligence research organization

OpenAI is a U.S.-based artificial intelligence (AI) research organization founded in December 2015, researching artificial intelligence with the goal of developing "safe and beneficial" artificial general intelligence, which it defines as "highly autonomous systems that outperform humans at most economically valuable work". As one of the leading organizations of the AI boom, it has developed several large language models, advanced image generation models, and previously, released open-source models. Its release of ChatGPT has been credited with starting the AI boom.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Artificial intelligence art</span> Machine application of knowledge of human aesthetic expressions

Artificial intelligence art is any visual artwork created through the use of artificial intelligence (AI) programs such as text-to-image models. AI art began to gain popularity in the mid- to late-20th century through the boom of artificial intelligence.

Generative Pre-trained Transformer 3 (GPT-3) is a large language model released by OpenAI in 2020. Like its predecessor, GPT-2, it is a decoder-only transformer model of deep neural network, which supersedes recurrence and convolution-based architectures with a technique known as "attention". This attention mechanism allows the model to selectively focus on segments of input text it predicts to be most relevant. It uses a 2048-tokens-long context, float16 (16-bit) precision, and a hitherto-unprecedented 175 billion parameters, requiring 350GB of storage space as each parameter takes 2 bytes of space, and has demonstrated strong "zero-shot" and "few-shot" learning abilities on many tasks.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">GPT-2</span> 2019 text-generating language model

Generative Pre-trained Transformer 2 (GPT-2) is a large language model by OpenAI and the second in their foundational series of GPT models. GPT-2 was pre-trained a dataset of 8 million web pages. It was partially released in February 2019, followed by full release of the 1.5-billion-parameter model on November 5, 2019.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">DALL-E</span> Image-generating deep-learning model

DALL·E, DALL·E 2, and DALL·E 3 are text-to-image models developed by OpenAI using deep learning methodologies to generate digital images from natural language descriptions, called "prompts."

<span class="mw-page-title-main">ChatGPT</span> Chatbot developed by OpenAI

ChatGPT is a chatbot developed by OpenAI and launched on November 30, 2022. Based on large language models (LLMs), it enables users to refine and steer a conversation towards a desired length, format, style, level of detail, and language. Successive user prompts and replies are considered at each conversation stage as context.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hallucination (artificial intelligence)</span> Confident unjustified claim by AI

In the field of artificial intelligence (AI), a hallucination or artificial hallucination is a response generated by AI which contains false or misleading information presented as fact. This term draws a loose analogy with human psychology, where hallucination typically involves false percepts. However, there’s a key difference: AI hallucination is associated with unjustified responses or beliefs rather than perceptual experiences.

Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4 (GPT-4) is a multimodal large language model created by OpenAI, and the fourth in its series of GPT foundation models. It was launched on March 14, 2023, and made publicly available via the paid chatbot product ChatGPT Plus, via OpenAI's API, and via the free chatbot Microsoft Copilot. As a transformer-based model, GPT-4 uses a paradigm where pre-training using both public data and "data licensed from third-party providers" is used to predict the next token. After this step, the model was then fine-tuned with reinforcement learning feedback from humans and AI for human alignment and policy compliance.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Generative pre-trained transformer</span> Type of large language model

Generative pre-trained transformers (GPT) are a type of large language model (LLM) and a prominent framework for generative artificial intelligence. They are artificial neural networks that are used in natural language processing tasks. GPTs are based on the transformer architecture, pre-trained on large data sets of unlabelled text, and able to generate novel human-like content. As of 2023, most LLMs have these characteristics and are sometimes referred to broadly as GPTs.

The dead Internet theory is an online conspiracy theory that asserts that the Internet now consists mainly of bot activity and automatically generated content manipulated by algorithmic curation, minimising organic human activity to manipulate the population. Proponents of the theory believe these bots were created intentionally to help manipulate algorithms and boost search results in order to manipulate consumers. Some proponents of the theory accuse government agencies of using bots to manipulate public perception. The date given for this "death" was generally around 2016 or 2017.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Generative artificial intelligence</span> AI system capable of generating content in response to prompts

Generative artificial intelligence is artificial intelligence capable of generating text, images, videos, or other data using generative models, often in response to prompts. Generative AI models learn the patterns and structure of their input training data and then generate new data that has similar characteristics.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">AI boom</span> Rapid progress in artificial intelligence

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In the 2020s, the rapid advancement of deep learning-based generative artificial intelligence models are raising questions about whether copyright infringement occurs when the generative AI is trained or used. This includes text-to-image models such as Stable Diffusion and large language models such as ChatGPT. As of 2023, there are several pending US lawsuits challenging the use of copyrighted data to train AI models, with defendants arguing that this falls under fair use.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Undetectable.ai</span> Online text analysis and obfuscation software

Undetectable AI (Undetectable.ai) is an AI content detection software that rewrites AI-generated text to make it appear more human.

Claude is a family of large language models developed by Anthropic. The first model was released in March 2023. Claude 3, released in March 2024, can also analyze images.

References

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