A Canterbury Tale

Last updated

A Canterbury Tale
Canterburytaleposter.jpg
US theatrical poster (1949)
Directed by Michael Powell
Emeric Pressburger
Written byMichael Powell
Emeric Pressburger
Produced byMichael Powell
Emeric Pressburger
Starring Eric Portman
Sheila Sim
Dennis Price
Kim Hunter [lower-alpha 1]
Sgt John Sweet
Cinematography Erwin Hillier
Edited by John Seabourne Sr.
Music by Allan Gray
Distributed by General Film Distributors (UK)
Eagle-Lion Films (US)
Release dates
21 August 1944 (UK)
21 January 1949 (US)
Running time
124 minutes
CountryUnited Kingdom
LanguageEnglish

A Canterbury Tale is a 1944 British film by Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger starring Eric Portman, Sheila Sim, Dennis Price and Sgt. John Sweet; Esmond Knight provided narration and played two small roles. For the post-war American release, Raymond Massey narrated and Kim Hunter was added to the film. The film was made in black and white, and was the first of two collaborations between Powell and Pressburger and cinematographer Erwin Hillier.

Contents

Much of the film's visual style is a mixture of British realism and Hillier's German Expressionist style that is harnessed through a neo-romantic sense of the English landscape. The concept that 'the past always haunts the present' in the English landscape was already part of English literary culture, e.g. in works by Rudyard Kipling such as Puck of Pook's Hill , and would become a notable trope for British novelists and film-makers from the 1960s. A Canterbury Tale takes its title from the 14th-century The Canterbury Tales of Geoffrey Chaucer and loosely uses Chaucer's theme of "eccentric characters on a religious pilgrimage" to highlight the wartime experiences of the citizens of Kent and encourage wartime Anglo-American friendship and understanding. Anglo-American relations were also explored in Powell and Pressburger's previous film The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp and in more detail in their subsequent film A Matter of Life and Death .

Plot

St George's Church tower, seen in the film after being gutted in the Baedeker raids (modern photograph) Canterbury - Turm der St. George's Church, in der Marlowe getauft wurde.jpg
St George's Church tower, seen in the film after being gutted in the Baedeker raids (modern photograph)

The story concerns three young people: British Army Sergeant Peter Gibbs (Dennis Price), U.S. Army Sergeant Bob Johnson (played by real-life Sergeant John Sweet), and a "Land Girl", Miss Alison Smith (Sheila Sim). The group arrive at the railway station in the fictitious small Kent town of Chillingbourne (filmed in Chilham, Fordwich, Wickhambreaux and other villages in the area), near Canterbury, late on Friday night, 27 August 1943. Peter has been stationed at a nearby Army camp, Alison is due to start working on a farm in the area, and Bob left the train by mistake, hearing the announcement "next stop Canterbury" and thinking he was in Canterbury.

As they leave the station together Alison is attacked by an assailant in uniform, who pours glue on her hair before escaping. It transpires that this has happened to other women, and the mystery attacker is known locally as "the glue man". Alison asks Bob if he will spend the weekend in Chillingbourne to help her solve the mystery. The next day, while riding a farm cart in the countryside, Alison meets Peter, who surrounds her cart with his platoon of three Bren Gun Carriers. Alison agrees to meet Peter again. The three decide to investigate the attack, enlisting the help of the locals, including several small boys who play large-scale war games.

The three use their detective skills to identify the culprit as a local magistrate, Thomas Colpeper (Eric Portman), a gentleman farmer and pillar of the community, who also gives local history lectures to soldiers stationed in the district. Alison interviews all the glue man's victims to identify the dates and times of their attacks. Gibbs visits Colpeper at his home and steals the fire watch roster listing the nights Colpeper was on duty in the town hall, whilst a paper drive for salvage by Johnson's boy commandos lets Johnson discover receipts for gum used to make glue sold to Colpeper. The dates of the attacks correspond with Colpeper's night watches, for which he wore a Home Guard uniform kept in the town hall.

On their train journey to Canterbury on the Monday morning, Colpeper joins the three in their compartment. They confront him with their suspicions, which he does not deny, and they discover that his motive is to prevent the soldiers from being distracted from his lectures by female company, as well as to help keep the local women faithful to their absent British boyfriends. In Colpeper's words, Chaucer's pilgrims travelled to Canterbury to "receive a blessing or to do penance". On arriving in the city of Canterbury, devastated by wartime bombing, all three young people receive blessings of their own. Alison discovers that her boyfriend, believed killed in the war, has survived after all; his father, who had blocked their marriage because he thought his son could do better than a shopgirl, finally relents. Bob receives long-delayed letters from his sweetheart, who is now a WAC in Australia. Peter, a cinema organist before the war, gets to play the music of Johann Sebastian Bach on the large organ at Canterbury Cathedral, before leaving with his unit. He decides not to report Colpeper to the Canterbury police, as he had planned to do.

Cast

Gibbs, Johnson and Smith
The Seven Sisters Soldier is standing behind Peter & Bob and Sergt. 'Stuffy' (Graham Moffatt) is asleep ACT Characters.jpg
Gibbs, Johnson and Smith
The Seven Sisters Soldier is standing behind Peter & Bob and Sergt. 'Stuffy' ( Graham Moffatt ) is asleep

Production

Writing

Powell and Pressburger, who were known collectively as "The Archers", wrote the script together, linking the concepts of landscape and history (light and time) with the personal journey of three people—the pilgrims—to show a basis of common identity. [2] Powell was said to have used the work of Chaucer as inspiration to create a film that showed "the love of his birthplace and all that he felt about England". [3]

Casting

All three leads were unknowns. [3] Many local people, including a lot of young boys, were recruited as extras for the extensive scenes of children's outdoor activities such as river "battles" and dens. [3]

Filming

The film was shot throughout the county of Kent not long after the Baedeker raids of May–June 1942 which had destroyed large areas of the city centre of Canterbury. Much of the film is shot on location in and around Canterbury Cathedral and the city's bomb sites, including the High Street, Rose Lane and the Buttermarket. The cathedral was not available for filming as the stained glass had been taken down, the windows boarded up and the organ, an important location for the story, removed to storage, all for protection against air raids. By the use of clever perspective, large portions of the cathedral were recreated within the studio by art director Alfred Junge. [4]

Several Kent villages including Chilham, Wickhambreaux, Fordwich and Wingham were used for scenes showing the fictional village of Chillingbourne. Selling Station appears in the film as Chillingbourne Station at the beginning of the film. Chilham Mill features in the film in the scene where GI Bob meets children playing in the river on a boat and later, with Peter, when they get the proof about Colpeper. The scene where soldiers gather for a lecture at the Colpepper Institute was filmed in Fordwich. As Bob and Alison ride on a cart through the village, Wickham Mill, Wickhambreaux, can be clearly seen. Colpeper's house was Wickhambreaux Court. A local Wingham village pub "The Red Lion" was used for some exterior shots of "The Hand of Glory" inn where Bob stays whilst in the village. [5] Other exterior shots of "The Hand of Glory" were filmed at "The George and Dragon", Fordwich. [1]

Before the credits, the following acknowledgement appears over an image of the cathedral viewed from the Christ Church Gate,

The Archers gratefully acknowledge the invaluable help and advice given to them by the Dean and Chapter of Canterbury, the Very Reverend the Dean of St Albans, the Mayor and Corporation of Canterbury, the Women's Land Army, and by the United States Army. They also thank the citizens of Canterbury and men and women of Kent who helped to make the film.

Soundtrack

Besides that composed by Allan Gray for the film, musical works featured include:

Reception

The world premiere was held on 11 May 1944 at the Friars' Cinema (later the second site of the Marlowe Theatre, now demolished), Canterbury, England, an event commemorated there by a plaque unveiled by stars Sheila Sim and John Sweet in October 2000. [6] Although the film initially had very poor reviews in the UK press, [7] and only small audiences, it became a moderate success at the British box office in 1944. [8]

The film was the first production of Powell and Pressburger not to be a major box office draw. [1] With the war over Powell was forced by the studio to completely re-edit the film for the U.S. release, cutting over 20 minutes to make the film shorter and faster moving, adding narration by Raymond Massey, and filming "bookends" which introduced Kim Hunter as Sergeant Johnson's girlfriend to make the film more contemporary. At the time of filming, Hunter and Massey were preparing to film A Matter of Life and Death for Powell. Powell filmed Hunter's sequences with Sweet on an English set simulating New York City where the couple, now married, presented the film as a flashback similar to the openings of The Way to the Stars and 12 O'Clock High . Sweet was actually filmed in New York with the sequences combined. [1] The film was fully restored by the British Film Institute in the late 1970s and the new print was hailed as a masterwork of British cinema. It has since been reissued on DVD in both the UK and USA.

Legacy

There is now an annual festival based around the film in which film fans tour the film's locations. [9] The theme of the film was used by Spike Milligan for The Goon Show episode "The Phantom Head Shaver of Brighton" in 1954. [10] The film was shown in the nave of Canterbury Cathedral on 19 September 2007 to help raise money for the cathedral restoration fund [11] and in May 2014, in Chilham village hall to help raise money for the restoration of its war memorial. The screening, which took place in the village where the film was made, coincided with the 70th anniversary of the film's première in Canterbury. [12] Several video artists have recut the more visionary sections of the film as video art. [13] Dialogue from the film was sampled on the track "Introduction" on the album Merrie Land by The Good, the Bad & the Queen, and Dreadzone's Second Light .

Related Research Articles

<i>The Canterbury Tales</i> Story collection by Geoffrey Chaucer

The Canterbury Tales is a collection of twenty-four stories that runs to over 17,000 lines written in Middle English by Geoffrey Chaucer between 1387 and 1400. It is widely regarded as Chaucer's magnum opus. The tales are presented as part of a story-telling contest by a group of pilgrims as they travel together from London to Canterbury to visit the shrine of Saint Thomas Becket at Canterbury Cathedral. The prize for this contest is a free meal at the Tabard Inn at Southwark on their return.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">River Stour, Kent</span> River in England

The River Stour(, rhymes with "flour") is a river in Kent, England that flows into the North Sea at Pegwell Bay. Above Plucks Gutter, where the Little Stour joins it, the river is normally known as the Great Stour. The upper section of the river, above its confluence with the East Stour at Ashford is sometimes known as the Upper Great Stour or West Stour. In the tidal lower reaches, the artificial Stonar Cut short cuts a large loop in the natural river.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Michael Powell</span> English film director

Michael Latham Powell was an English filmmaker, celebrated for his partnership with Emeric Pressburger. Through their production company The Archers, they together wrote, produced and directed a series of classic British films, notably The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp (1943), A Canterbury Tale (1944), I Know Where I'm Going! (1945), A Matter of Life and Death, Black Narcissus (1947), The Red Shoes (1948), and The Tales of Hoffmann (1951).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">The Cook's Tale</span> Tale from The Canterbury Tales

"The Cook's Tale" is one of the Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer. It breaks off after 58 lines and was presumably never finished, although some scholars argue that Chaucer deliberately left the tale unfinished. The story starts telling of an apprentice named Perkyn who is fond of drinking and dancing. Perkyn is released by his master and moves in with a friend who also loves to drink, and whose wife is a shopkeeper whose real occupation is that of a prostitute.

<i>A Matter of Life and Death</i> (film) 1946 film by Emeric Pressburger and Michael Powell

A Matter of Life and Death is a 1946 British fantasy-romance film set in England during World War II.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fordwich</span> Human settlement in England

Fordwich is a market town and a civil parish in east Kent, England, on the River Stour, northeast of Canterbury.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">City of Canterbury</span> Local government district in Kent, England

Canterbury, commonly called the City of Canterbury, is a local government district with city status in Kent, England. As well as Canterbury itself, the district extends to the towns of Fordwich, Herne Bay and Whitstable.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pilgrims' Way</span> Historic walking route in England

The Pilgrims' Way is the historical route supposedly taken by pilgrims from Winchester in Hampshire, England, to the shrine of Thomas Becket at Canterbury in Kent. This name, of comparatively recent coinage, is applied to a pre-existing ancient trackway dated by archaeological finds to 600–450 BC, but probably in existence since the Stone Age. The prehistoric route followed the "natural causeway" east to west on the southern slopes of the North Downs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Powell and Pressburger</span> British filmmaking duo

The British film-making partnership of Michael Powell (1905–1990) and Emeric Pressburger (1902–1988)—together often known as The Archers, the name of their production company—made a series of influential films in the 1940s and 1950s. Their collaborations—24 films between 1939 and 1972—were mainly derived from original stories by Pressburger with the script written by both Pressburger and Powell. Powell did most of the directing while Pressburger did most of the work of the producer and also assisted with the editing, especially the way the music was used. Unusually, the pair shared a writer-director-producer credit for most of their films. The best-known of these are The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp (1943), A Canterbury Tale (1944), I Know Where I'm Going! (1945), A Matter of Life and Death (1946), Black Narcissus (1947), The Red Shoes (1948), and The Tales of Hoffmann (1951).

<i>One of Our Aircraft Is Missing</i> 1942 British film

One of Our Aircraft Is Missing is a 1942 British black-and-white war film, mainly set in the German-occupied Netherlands. It was the fourth collaboration between the British writer-director-producer team of Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger and the first film they made under the banner of The Archers.

<i>The Canterbury Tales</i> (film) 1972 Italian film by Pier Paolo Pasolini

The Canterbury Tales is a 1972 Italian film directed by Pier Paolo Pasolini based on the medieval narrative poem by Geoffrey Chaucer. The second film in Pasolini's "Trilogy of Life", preceded by The Decameron and followed by Arabian Nights, it won the Golden Bear at the 22nd Berlin International Film Festival.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Esmond Knight</span> English actor

Esmond Penington Knight was an English actor. He had a successful stage and film career before World War II. For much of his later career Knight was half-blind. He had been badly wounded in 1941 while on active service on board HMS Prince of Wales when she fought the Bismarck at the Battle of the Denmark Strait, and remained totally blind for two years, though he later regained some sight in his right eye.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chilham</span> Human settlement in England

Chilham is a mostly agricultural village and parish in the English county of Kent with a clustered settlement, Chilham village centre, in the northeast, and a smaller linear settlement, Shottenden. Well-preserved roads and mostly residential listed buildings in its centre have led to its use as a location in television and film.

<i>Red Ensign</i> (film) 1934 film

Red Ensign is a 1934 film directed by British filmmaker Michael Powell. It is an early low-budget "quota quickie".

<i>Canterbury Tales</i> (TV series) Television series

The Canterbury Tales is a series of six single dramas that originally aired on BBC One in 2003. Each story is an adaptation of one of Geoffrey Chaucer's 14th-century Canterbury Tales. While the stories have been transferred to a modern, 21st-century setting, they are still set along the traditional Pilgrims' route to Canterbury.

John Sweet was a US Army sergeant serving in the UK in World War II when he was selected by Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger to play the role of Sgt. Bob Johnson, one of the three pilgrims in the 1944 feature film A Canterbury Tale.

The Canterbury Tales is a 14th-century English collection of stories, mainly in verse, written by Geoffrey Chaucer.

Józef Żmigrod, better known by his stage name, Allan Gray, was a Polish composer, best known for his film scores.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Beaney House of Art and Knowledge</span> Museum, art gallery, library, regimental museum in Kent , England

The Beaney House of Art and Knowledge is the central museum, library and art gallery of the city of Canterbury, Kent, England. It is housed in a Grade II listed building. Until it closed for refurbishment in 2009, it was known as the Beaney Institute or the Royal Museum and Art Gallery. It reopened under its new name in September 2012. The building, museum and art gallery are owned and managed by Canterbury City Council; Kent County Council is the library authority. These authorities work in partnership with stakeholders and funders.

<i>The Eve of St. Mark</i> 1944 film by John M. Stahl, Maxwell Anderson

The Eve of St Mark is a 1942 play by Maxwell Anderson set during World War II. It later became a 1944 film by 20th Century Fox that featured some of the same actors who repeated their roles in the film. The title is derived from the legend of St. Mark's Eve and the title of an uncompleted 1819 poem by John Keats.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Tritton, Paul. A Canterbury Tale – Memories of a Classic Wartime Movie Archived 16 November 2007 at the Wayback Machine . Canterbury: Tritton Publications, August 2000. ISBN   0-9524094-2-9.
  2. von Bagh, Peter. "A Tribute: A Canterbury Tale". criterion.com. Archived from the original on 27 September 2021. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
  3. 1 2 3 "A Canterbury Tale at 70: a ray of English sunshine". The Daily Telegraph . 30 August 2014. Archived from the original on 20 August 2017. Retrieved 6 April 2018.
  4. Powell, Michael (1986). A Life in Movies: An Autobiography. London: Heinemann. ISBN   0-434-59945-X.
  5. Kent Film Office (21 August 1944). "Kent Film Office A Canterbury Tale Film Focus". Archived from the original on 4 December 2013. Retrieved 19 July 2013.
  6. "A Canterbury Tale or two". Archived from the original on 12 March 2007. Retrieved 17 October 2006.
  7. "Contemporary review". Archived from the original on 12 March 2007. Retrieved 12 August 2006.
  8. Murphy, Robert (2003_ Realism and Tinsel: Cinema and Society in Britain 1939-48 Archived 5 March 2023 at the Wayback Machine p.207
  9. "Location walks". Archived from the original on 16 August 2006. Retrieved 12 August 2006.
  10. "The Phantom Head Shaver of Brighton". Archived from the original on 8 June 2008. Retrieved 23 June 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  11. BBC Kent Archived 18 June 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  12. "ACT screening, Chilham, 11 May 2014". powell-pressburger.org. Archived from the original on 18 June 2019. Retrieved 26 February 2018.
  13. "Victor Burgin at the Arnolfini Gallery, Bristol". powell-pressburger.org. Archived from the original on 3 January 2020. Retrieved 26 February 2018.
  1. Only in American re-release

Bibliography