The Deobandi movement or Deobandism is a revivalist movement within Sunni Islam that adheres to the Hanafi school of law. It formed in the late 19th century around the Darul Uloom Madrassa in Deoband,India,from which the name derives,by Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi,Rashid Ahmad Gangohi,and several others,after the Indian Rebellion of 1857–58. They consider themselves the continuation of Ahlus Sunnah wal Jamaat. The main purpose of this movement was to reject the grave worshipping,shirk and protect the orthodoxy of Islam from Bidah,as well as the influence of non-Muslim cultures on the Muslim of South Asia. The movement pioneered education in religious sciences through the Dars-i-Nizami associated with the Lucknow-based ulema of Firangi Mahal with the goal of preserving traditional Islamic teachings from the influx of modernist,secular ideas during British colonial rule. The Deobandi movement's Indian clerical wing,Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind,was founded in 1919 and played a major role in the Indian independence movement through its participation in the Pan-Islamist Khalifat movement and propagation of the doctrine of composite nationalism. The movement shares several similarities with Wahhabism.
The Hanafi school,Hanafism,or the Hanafi fiqh is the oldest and one of the four traditional major Sunni schools (Fiqh) of Islamic Law (madhhab). It is named after the 8th century Kufan scholar,Abu Hanifa,a Tabi‘i whose legal views were preserved primarily by his two most important disciples,Imam Abu Yusuf and Muhammad al-Shaybani. It is considered one of the most widely accepted maddhab amongst Sunni Muslim community and is called the Madhhab of Jurists. A plurality of Hanafi Muslims follow and have followed the Maturidi school of theology.
Nuʿmān ibn Thābit ibn Zūṭāibn Marzubān,commonly known by his kunyaAbūḤanīfa,or reverently as Imam AbūḤanīfa by Sunni Muslims,was a Sunni Muslim theologian and jurist who became the eponymous founder of the Hanafi school of Sunni jurisprudence,which has remained the most widely practised school of law in the Sunni tradition. The school of thought predominates in Central Asia,Afghanistan,Iran,Turkey,the Balkans,Russia,Circassia,Pakistan,Bangladesh,Muslims in India,and some parts of the Arab world. He is also widely called al-Imām al-Aʿẓam and Sirāj al-Aʾimma by Sunni Muslims.
Ya'qub ibn Ibrahim al-Ansari,better known as Abu Yusuf (d.798) was a student of jurist Abu Hanifa (d.767) who helped spread the influence of the Hanafi school of Islamic law through his writings and the government positions that he held.
Manazir Ahsan Gilani was an Indian Sunni Islamic scholar and former Dean of the Faculty of Theology at Osmania University. Some of his notable works include Tadwin-e-Hadith,Muqaddama Tadwin-e-Fiqh,Sawanih-e-Abu Dharr Ghifari,and Sawanih-e-Qasmi. Muhammad Hamidullah,a historian and hadith researcher,was among his students.
Ebrahim Desai was a South African Muslim scholar and jurist who established the Darul Iftaa Mahmudiyyah,the Askimam fatawa portal and served as the senior professor of hadith at Madrasah In'aamiyyah. He was an alumnus of Jamiah Islamiah Talimuddin Dabhel and ranked among The 500 Most Influential Muslims. He authored books including Commentary on Qaseedah Burdah,Introduction to Hadīth and Introduction to Islamic Commerce.
Darul Uloom Al Arabiya Al Islamiyya,better known as Darul Uloom Bury,was established in 1979 and is the oldest Islamic seminary in the United Kingdom. Located in Holcombe,Bury,it is based on the Dars-e-Nizami syllabus found throughout the world. It was founded by the late Hadhrat Moulana Yusuf Motala.
Islamic Association of Greater Detroit (IAGD) was founded in 1978 by immigrants from South Asia and the Middle East. After IAGD was formed,it purchased the current property situated in the city of Avon Township. Eventually,the city name changed to Rochester Hills,Michigan. On this property was a "Blue House" which was used as a meeting place and Sunday Islamic School. As the community grew and during the construction of the original mosque,IAGD rented the Larson Middle School in Troy,Michigan for its Sunday School as well as community dinners. IAGD has had a tradition of holding a community dinner on the first Saturday of each month for the past 30 years. The original mosque included a prayer space,social hall,and kitchen. IAGD moved into the newly built facility in 1982.
Muḥammad Shafī‘ibn Muḥammad Yāsīn ‘Us̱mānīDeobandī,often referred to as Mufti Muhammad Shafi,was a Pakistani Sunni Islamic scholar of the Deobandi school of Islamic thought.
Al-'Aqida al-Tahawiyya or Bayan al-Sunna wa al-Jama'a is a popular exposition of Sunni Muslim doctrine written by the tenth-century Egyptian theologian and Hanafi jurist Abu Ja'far al-Tahawi.
Darul Uloom Zakariyya is a madrasa in Lenasia,South Africa. Opened in 1983 in an agricultural area not far from Johannesburg,it is now surrounded by a suburb which was named in its honor. The institute was initially called Madrasah Zakariyya and was finally changed to Darul Uloom Zakariyya to reflect its true educational purpose as an Institute of higher Islamic learning. Since its inception,the madrasa has expanded and now include a branch in Eikenhof,a locality some 73 km away;catering for the needs of approximately 700 young Hifdh learners –and a Maktab in Mandane,Soweto. The madrasa has produced a wide range of exemplary alumni and community leaders.
Aziz-ul-Rahman Usmani was an Indian Sunni Muslim scholar who served as first Grand Mufti of Darul Uloom Deoband. He is best known for his Fatawa Darul Uloom Deoband. His brother was Shabbir Ahmad Usmani.
Al-Fiqh al-Akbar or "The Greater Knowledge" is a popular early Islamic text attributed to the Muslim jurist Abu Hanifa. It is one of the few surviving works of Abu Hanifa. It outlines the foundational articles of the Sunni faith whilst refuting the beliefs of those groups that were considered to be outside orthodox or mainstream Islam,namely the Muʿtazila,Qadariyah and Khawarij amongst others. It describes the Sunni policy for dealing with the ambiguous Attributes of Allah and delves in detail into how the Qur'an is the eternal speech of Allah.
Mamluk Ali Nanautawi was an Indian Sunni Muslim scholar who served as the Head Teacher of Arabic language at the Zakir Husain Delhi College. His notable students include Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi,Rashid Ahmad Gangohi and Muhammad Yaqub Nanautawi.
Al-Muhannad 'ala al-Mufannad,also known as al-Tasdiqat li-Daf' al-Talbisat,was subsequently published in Urdu as 'Aqa'id 'Ulama' Ahl al-Sunna Deoband is a book that expresses some of the beliefs held by the Sunni Hanafi Deobandis. It was authored by the Indian Hanafi-Maturidi hadith scholar and Sufi master Khalil Ahmad al-Saharanpuri in 1907,who wrote a commentary on Sunan Abi Dawud,entitled Badhl al-Majhud.
Asghar Hussain Deobandi was an Indian Sunni Muslim scholar who co-founded Madrasatul Islah.
Taha Karaan was a South African Muslim scholar and jurist. He was the head-mufti of the Muslim Judicial Council,South Africa. He was the founder of Mahajjah Research Institute and the Dar al-Uloom al-Arabiyyah al-Islamiyyah in Strand.
Deobandi fiqh is a school of Islamic jurisprudence that is based on the Hanafi school of Islamic law. It is associated with the Deobandi movement,which originated in India in the late 19th century and has since spread to other parts of the world,particularly in South Asia. Deobandi fiqh emphasizes a strict adherence to the Quran and the Sunnah,and seeks to ensure that all aspects of daily life are guided by Islamic law. It places a strong emphasis on the principles of fiqh,or Islamic jurisprudence,and is known for its strict interpretation of Islamic law. It also emphasizes the importance of Islamic ethics and morality,and emphasizes the need for Muslims to lead a pious and virtuous life. Deobandi fiqh has had a significant influence on Islamic education and scholarship,particularly in South Asia and among the global South Asian diaspora. It plays a foundational role in the judiciary of Afghanistan. It has also been associated with various Islamic political movements and has been a subject of controversy and debate within the Muslim community.
