Access Point Name

An Access Point Name (APN) is the name of a gateway ^[1] between a mobile network (GSM, GPRS, 3G, 4G and 5G) and another computer network, frequently the public Internet. ^[2]

A mobile device making a data connection must be configured with an APN to present to the carrier. The carrier will then examine this identifier to determine what type of network connection should be created, for example: which IP addresses should be assigned to the wireless device, which security methods should be used, and how, or if, the device should be connected to some private customer network. ^[3]

More specifically, the APN identifies the packet data network (PDN) that a mobile data user wants to communicate with. In addition to identifying a PDN, an Access Point Name may also be used to define the type of service(s), (e.g. connection to a Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) server and access to Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS)) that is provided by the packet data network. APN is used in 3GPP data access networks, e.g. General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) and evolved by packet core (EPC).

Structure of an APN

${\displaystyle \underbrace {\text{network id}} _{\text{Network Identifier}}.\underbrace {\color {blue}{\text{mnc}}\langle {\text{MNC}}\rangle .{\text{mcc}}\langle {\text{MCC}}\rangle .{\text{gprs}}} _{\color {blue}{\text{Operator Identifier}}}}$

Access Point Name structure

A structured APN consists of two parts ^[4] as shown in the accompanying figure.

• Network Identifier: Defines the external network to which the Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) is connected. Optionally, it may also include the service requested by the user. This part of the APN is mandatory
• Operator Identifier: Defines the specific operator's packet domain network in which the GGSN is located. This part of the APN is optional. The MCC is the mobile country code and the MNC is the mobile network code which together uniquely identify a mobile network operator.

Examples of APN are:

• three.co.uk (Note: This example APN uses a domain name from the DNS which belongs to the operator)
• internet.t-mobile
• internet.mnc012.mcc345.gprs
• rcomnet.mnc015.mcc405.gprs
• internet (Note: This APN example does not contain an operator)
• NXTGENPHONE (Note: Does not contain an operator, however in practice it is AT&T Mobility's LTE APN)
• VZWINTERNET (Note: No operator, but the APN name clearly identifies Verizon)
• mobitel (Note: APN name clearly identifies the operator SLTMobitel)
• jionet (Note: APN name clearly identifies the operator Jio)
• Ting Data (tethering.dish.com) (Tethering service by Dish Network)

LTE networks use APN-FQDN format, which differs from the 2G/3G format described above as follows. "apn.epc." is inserted before "mnc⟨MNC⟩", and the ".gprs" at the end becomes ".3gppnetwork.org" ^[5]

For example: the 2G/3G internet.mnc012.mcc345.gprs becomes internet.apn.epc.mnc012.mcc345.3gppnetwork.org .

KPN Incident

In 2023, an incident was discovered where choosing the advanced internet APN from the ISP KPN drained the battery of smartphones significantly faster. This APN was designed to give internet access without a firewall and public IP addresses. ^[6]

References

1. "Qlink Wireless APN Settings for Android & iPhone 2022 - 3G 4G 5G LTE Internet Settings" . Retrieved 2022-12-30.
2. "APN (Access Point Name) Settings for Android, iOS - 3G 4G 5G LTE Internet Setting" . Retrieved 2022-12-21.
3. Bill Word (18 July 2005). "GSM cellular networks use an APN (Access Point Name) to determine how a mobile station, in this case a Digi Connect WAN or RG" (PDF). digi.com. Retrieved 2011-04-05.
4. 3GPP TS 23.003 Numbering, addressing and identification.
5. etsi.org Domain Name System Procedures (Page 15 / 5.1.1.1).
6. "Hoe een tweaker uitploos waarom sommige telefoons op KPN snel leeg gingen". Tweakers (in Dutch). Retrieved 2023-09-01.

External links

• Rutter, Thomas. "What the APN settings mean". Atrac Life. Retrieved 2016-03-13.
• Staff writer (21 July 2013). "APN List for US, Canada, UK & Australia". APN Settings. Retrieved 2016-03-13.
• Zachery, Omar (12 March 2013). "APN-FQDN Naming Structure". Award Solutions. Archived from the original on 14 March 2016. Retrieved 2016-03-13.