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Perlis, also known by its honorific title Perlis Indera Kayangan, is a state of Malaysia in the northwestern coast of Peninsular Malaysia. It is the smallest state in Malaysia by means of area and population, as well as the northernmost in the country. The state borders the Thai provinces of Satun and Songkhla to the north and the Malaysian state of Kedah to the south. Perlis is the only Malaysian state that is not divided into any districts, due to its small size, but it is still divided into several communes. It was called Palit by the Siamese when it was under their influence. Perlis had a population of 227,025 as of the 2010 census.
Tuanku Sir Syed Harun Putra ibni Almarhum Syed Hassan Jamalullail was Raja of Perlis from 1945 until his death in 2000, and the third Yang di-Pertuan Agong, the constitutional monarch of Malaysia, from 1960 to 1965.
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Setul, officially the Kingdom of Setul Mambang Segara was a Malay kingdom founded in the northern coast of the Malay Peninsula. The state was established in 1808 in the wake of the partition between the rulers of the royal house of Kedah. The partition witnessed the territory being seceded to the cadet branch of the royal family. The sovereignty of the kingdom effectively ended in 1916, following the dissolution by the Siamese government. Its borders were largely inherited to its successive province, the present-day Satun, Thailand.
Kubang Pasu, officially known as the Kingdom of Kubang Pasu Darul Qiyam was a former Malay Kingdom located in the northern Malay Peninsula. The state was established in 1839 as a gift to Tunku Anum, a member of Kedahan nobility, for his efforts in ending the conflict between Kedah and Siam in the aftermath of the Siamese invasion in 1821. The kingdom witnessed the reign of two monarchs before it was re-integrated with Kedah in 1859.
Perlis was part of Kedah Sultanate from at least the mid-16th century. Its boundaries were first demarcated in 1770, when Kedah's Sultan, Muhammad Jiwa II, presented the territory to his younger son, the then Tunku Dhiauddin. When Tunku Dhiauddin ascended the Kedah throne, he in turn presented Arau to his son in law Syed Harun Jamalullail, who assumed the title of Penghulu ('chief') of Arau. In 1825, Syed Harun died and his son Syed Hussein succeeded him as Penghulu of Arau. He assumed office during a period of turmoil when Kedah, including Perlis was invaded by Siam, and later administered by the Siamese governor of Ligor. Following the death of Governor of Ligor in 1839, Perlis was detached from Kedah and designated a separate tributary of Siam. A Malay chieftain was appointed Chiom ('chief') of Perlis while Syed Hussein was made his deputy. Within four months however, the Chiom of Perlis died and in 1841, Syed Hussein travelled to Bangkok and secured the recognition from Rama III to install him as the Phya ('King') of Perlis. His accession marked the founding of Jamalullail dynasty which continues to rule Perlis to present day.
Chao Phraya Nakhon Si Thammarat, personal name Noi Na Nagara, was the governor of Nakhon Si Thammarat or Ligor from 1811 to 1838 and a son of King Taksin. He had important roles in the relations between Siam and the Sultanate of Kedah during the nineteenth century. His modern descendants bear the surname Na Nagara, Komarakul Na Nagara and Chaturangakula. Chao Phraya Nakhon Noi was known in Malay sources as Phya Buri Sakmuton and in contemporary British sources as the Raja of Ligor.
References
- ↑ Ulrike Freitag, W. G. Clarence-Smith, Hadhrami Traders, Scholars, and Statesmen in the Indian Ocean, 1750s-1960s: 1750s- 1960s, pg 87