Airspeed Tern

Last updated

AS.1 Tern
Role Sailplane
National originUnited Kingdom
Manufacturer Airspeed Limited
Designer Hessell Tiltman & Nevil Shute Norway [1]
First flight1931
Introduction1931
Number built2

The Airspeed AS.1 Tern was a 1930s British glider aircraft, the first aircraft built by Airspeed Limited at York and one of the earliest British-designed gliders.

Contents

Development

The Tern was designed by Hessell Tiltman & Nevil Shute Norway to gain records and publicity for the new Airspeed company, as well as to attract orders for new aircraft. [1] Designed for hill- and cloud-soaring, the Tern was a wood-and-fabric cantilever monoplane. [2] It was designed to be dismantled and was advertised for sale at £248. Only two examples were built. [2] Shute himself was the pilot on the Tern's first test flight. [3]

On 24 August 1931 the Tern was flown by Carli Magersuppe from Stoupe Brow, Ravenscar to Scarborough to gain the first British distance record of 8.3 miles (13.4 km). [2] The glider flew a total of 16 miles (26 km) but only the straight-line distance counted towards the record. [2]

The Tern was constructed of wood with a fabric-covered two-spar cantilevered tapered wing with no dihedral. A plywood leading edge was fitted but only as an aerodynamic fairing and not as primary structure. The trapezoidal-section fuselage had plywood lower sides and fabric-covered top decking as well as a generous cockpit in the leading edge of the centre-section. [1]

The Tern had some success in establishing gliding records but only one was completed and parts for one more were produced. After languishing through the Second World War the Tern was re-built, using parts from both airframes, but did little flying. [1]

Specifications

Data fromSailplane and Glider [2] [4]

General characteristics

Performance

Related Research Articles

Göppingen Gö 4 German two-seat glider, 1937

The Göppingen Gö 4 or Goevier is a German sailplane of the late 1930s used for training pilots. Its most notable features include side-by-side seating and dual controls, making the plane ideal for use as a trainer. It boasted average performance, compared to other gliders of the day, and was advertised as making the process of learning to fly sailplanes easier.

The FVA 1 Schwatze Düvel was a glider produced in Germany in 1920. It was a highly streamlined, thick winged cantilever monoplane.

Akaflieg München Mü17 Merle German single-seat glider, 1938

The Akaflieg München Mü17 Merle is a single-place glider aircraft that was designed and built in Germany from 1938.

Schleicher Condor German glider family designed by Heini Dittmar, 1932

The Schleicher Condor, also referred to as the Dittmar Condor, is a series of German high-wing, single and two-seat, gull winged, gliders that were designed by Heini Dittmar in the 1930s, produced in small quantities before the Second World War, produced again between 1952 and 1955 by Alexander Schleicher GmbH & Co and also by Ferdinand Schmetz.

The Akaflieg Darmstadt D-28 Windspiel was a single-seat, high-performance sailplane designed in Germany in the early 1930s. Intended to exploit a growing understanding of thermal soaring, it was small and manoeuvrable, with a 12 m span; silk-covered for lightness, it weighed less (empty) than its pilots. It held the world straight-line distance record for a time in 1934.

The FVA-20 F. B. Schmetz was a single seat, Standard Class sailplane, built as a one-off aircraft, to explore the application of glass fibre to glider construction. Built over a long period, it finally flew in late 1979.

Arsenal Air 100 Single-seat French glider, 1947

The Arsenal Air 100 is a French single seat competition sailplane produced in the 1940s. It sold in small numbers but set several records, still holding the world absolute solo glider endurance record of 56 h 15 m.

The Bréguet Br 900 Louisette was a short-span, single-seat competition sailplane built in France in the 1940s. It set some French gliding records but was unsuccessful at the international level. Only six production aircraft were built.

Rubik R-25 Mokány Type of aircraft

The Rubik R-25 Mokány, in English: Plucky person and sometimes known as the R-25 Standard (class), is a Hungarian single seat Standard Class glider of all-metal construction, first flown in 1960. It was one of a series of similar aircraft designed by Ernő Rubik. Only one was built.

Maeda 703 Type of aircraft

The Maeda 703 was one of the first indigenous Japanese gliders, a high performance single seat aircraft which first flew in 1940. Three were built, two with gull wing wings; one of these set a national endurance record in 1941.

Antonov A-11 Type of aircraft

The Antonov A-11 is a single-seat, high performance, all-metal sailplane built in the Soviet Union in the late 1950s. 150 were produced.

DFS Rhönsperber German single seat competition glider, 1937

The DFS Rhönsperber, otherwise known as the Schweyer Rhönsperber or Jacobs Rhönsperber was a single seat competition glider designed in Germany by Hans Jacobs and first flown in 1935. For several years it was regarded as the best German sailplane and about one hundred were built.

Schleicher Rhönbussard German training glider, 1933

The Schleicher Rhönbussard, otherwise known as the DFS Rhönbussard was intended as an intermediate glider trainer which could also fly competitively. It was designed by Hans Jacobs in Germany in the early 1930s. More than 200 were built.

CVT2 Veltro Type of aircraft

The CVT2 Veltro was an Italian competition glider built in the mid-1950s. Its advanced design incorporated a laminar flow wing, T-tail, retracting undercarriage and a reclining seat to reduce parasitic drag.

The Teichfuss Gabbiano was an Italian, one-off, single seat, high performance glider, designed by Luigi Teichfuss and flown in 1928.

The Teichfuss Astore was an Italian Intermediate single-seat trainer glider designed by Luigi Teichfuss and flown in 1936. Two were built.

Schleicher Ka 2 Rhönschwalbe German two-seat glider, 1953

The Schleicher Ka-2 Rhönschwalbe is a tandem two-seat training glider designed and built in Germany, in 1952.

PWS-101 Type of aircraft

The PWS-101 was a high performance Polish glider first flown in 1937. One made the longest distance glider flight in Europe in 1938, gathering prizes for aircraft and pilot.

Warsztaty Szybowcowe SG-3 Type of aircraft

The Grzeszczyk SG-3 was a Polish single-seat, high performance sailplane first flown in 1933. Between 1934 and 1937 it was Poland's most successful competitor and record setter; about twenty-five were completed.

Naleszkiewicz JN 1 Polish experimental tailless sailplane

The Naleszkiewicz JN 1 was an experimental tailless sailplane designed in Poland to explore the aerodynamic properties of a proposed powered tailless aircraft. It proved hard to fly and a crash led to its abandonment after only a few months of limited testing.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Simons, Martin. Sailplanes 1920-1945 2nd revised edition. EQIP Werbung und Verlag G.m.b.H.. Königswinter. 2006. ISBN   3-9806773-4-6
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 "The First British Distance Record" (PDF). Sailplane and Glider: 57. 11 September 1931.[ permanent dead link ]
  3. Nevil Shute, "Slide Rule", London: Heinemann, 1954
  4. Ellison, Norman (1971). British Gliders and Sailplanes 1922-1970 (1st ed.). London: Adam & Charles Black. p. 81.