The Book of Joel is a Jewish prophetic text containing a series of "divine announcements". The first line attributes authorship to "Joel the son of Pethuel". It forms part of the Book of the twelve minor prophets or the Nevi'im ("Prophets") in the Hebrew Bible,and is a book in its own right in the Christian Old Testament. Joel is not mentioned elsewhere in either collection.
The Hebrew Bible or Tanakh,also known in Hebrew as Miqra,is the canonical collection of Hebrew scriptures,including the Torah,the Nevi'im,and the Ketuvim. Different branches of Judaism and Samaritanism have maintained different versions of the canon,including the 3rd-century Septuagint text used in Second Temple Judaism,the Syriac Peshitta,the Samaritan Pentateuch,the Dead Sea Scrolls,and most recently the 10th-century medieval Masoretic Text compiled by the Masoretes,currently used in Rabbinic Judaism. The terms "Hebrew Bible" or "Hebrew Canon" are frequently confused with the Masoretic Text,however,this is a medieval version and one of several texts considered authoritative by different types of Judaism throughout history. The current edition of the Masoretic Text is mostly in Biblical Hebrew,with a few passages in Biblical Aramaic.
The Minor Prophets or Twelve Prophets,occasionally Book of the Twelve,is a collection of prophetic books,written between about the 8th and 4th centuries BCE,which are in both the Jewish Tanakh and Christian Old Testament.
Christian worldview refers to the framework of ideas and beliefs through which a Christian individual,group or culture interprets the world and interacts with it. Various denominations of Christianity have differing worldviews on some issues based on biblical interpretation,but many thematic elements are commonly agreed-upon within the Christian worldview.
Howard Evan Runner was professor of philosophy at Calvin College,Grand Rapids,Michigan,from 1951 until his retirement in 1981.
Gordon Paul Hugenberger was the senior pastor at historic Park Street Church,in Boston,Massachusetts (1997–2017). He announced on June 5,2016 that he would leave that position by the end of June,2017. He was born in Wellesley,Massachusetts,one of seven children. While working at a Salvation Army camp as a high schooler,he had a conversion experience and began to follow Jesus Christ as his Lord and Savior.
Meredith George Kline was an American theologian and Old Testament scholar. He also had degrees in Assyriology and Egyptology.
Hermann Gunkel,a German Old Testament scholar,founded form criticism. He also became a leading representative of the history of religions school. His major works cover Genesis and the Psalms,and his major interests centered on the oral tradition behind written sources and in folklore.
Neo-Calvinism,a form of Dutch Calvinism,is a theological movement initiated by the theologian and former Dutch prime minister Abraham Kuyper. James Bratt has identified a number of different types of Dutch Calvinism:The Seceders,split into the Reformed Church "West" and the Confessionalists;the neo-Calvinists;and the Positives and the Antithetical Calvinists. The Seceders were largely infralapsarian and the neo-Calvinists usually supralapsarian.
Geerhardus Johannes Vos was a Dutch-American Calvinist theologian and one of the most distinguished representatives of the Princeton Theology. He is sometimes called the father of Reformed Biblical Theology.
Richard John Bauckham is an English Anglican scholar in theology,historical theology and New Testament studies,specialising in New Testament Christology and the Gospel of John. He is a senior scholar at Ridley Hall,Cambridge.
Richard B. Gaffin,Jr. is a Calvinist theologian,Presbyterian minister,and was the Charles Krahe Professor of Biblical and Systematic Theology at Westminster Theological Seminary in Philadelphia,Pennsylvania from 1999 to 2008. He became the Professor Emeritus,Biblical and Systematic Theology in 2008.
Peter Eric Enns is an American Biblical scholar and theologian. He has written widely on hermeneutics,Christianity and science,historicity of the Bible,and Old Testament interpretation. Outside of his academic work Enns is a contributor to HuffPost and Patheos. He has also worked with Francis Collins' The BioLogos Foundation. His book Inspiration and Incarnation challenged conservative/mainstream Evangelical methods of biblical interpretation. His book The Evolution of Adam questions the belief that Adam was a historical figure. He also wrote The Bible Tells Me So:Why Defending Scripture Has Made Us Unable to Read It and The Sin of Certainty:Why God Desires Our Trust More than Our 'Correct' Beliefs.
Craig G. Bartholomew is the director of the Kirby Laing Centre for Public Theology. Formerly,he was senior research fellow at the University of Gloucestershire and recently the H. Evan Runner Professor of philosophy at Redeemer University.
John H. Walton is an Old Testament scholar and Professor at Wheaton College. He was a professor at Moody Bible Institute for 20 years. He specializes in the Ancient Near Eastern backgrounds of the Old Testament,especially Genesis and its creation account,as well as interpretation of Job.
Richard A. Muller is an American historical theologian.
Robin Parry is a Christian theologian particularly known for advocating Christian universalism. His best known book is The Evangelical Universalist,which he wrote under the pseudonym Gregory MacDonald because he had not at the time publicly expressed his belief in universalism.
John Bergsma is Professor of Theology at Franciscan University,in Steubenville,Ohio. He holds a Master of Theology degree from Calvin Theological Seminary,Grand Rapids,Michigan. He also holds a Doctorate of Philosophy in Theology from the University of Notre Dame. His specialized study is that of the Old Testament and the Dead Sea Scrolls. He grew up as a Calvinist Protestant and served as a Protestant pastor for four years before converting to Catholicism in 2001.
Isaiah 4 is the fourth chapter of the Book of Isaiah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet Isaiah,and is one of the Books of the Prophets.
Willem A. VanGemeren is Professor Emeritus of Old Testament and Semitic Languages at Trinity Evangelical Divinity School. He is the author of a number of books,including Interpreting the Prophetic Word (Zondervan) and a commentary on Psalms in the Expositor's Bible Commentary series (Zondervan). He was a senior editor of the five-volume work The New International Dictionary of Old Testament Theology and Exegesis in which ten essays have been compiled to thoroughly explain proper hermeneutics and Biblical interpretation. He is a member of the Society of Biblical Literature,the Evangelical Theological Society,and the Institute for Biblical Research.
